中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (31): 4528-4535.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2026.0072

• 中国全科医学研究方法学系列专题(二) • 上一篇    

社区基本医疗的随机对照试验研究设计、实施和案例解析

程玉1, 杨荣1, 龙仁2,3, 廖晓阳1,*(), 赵洋4,5,*()   

  1. 1.610041 四川省成都市,四川大学华西医院全科医学中心
    2.100191 北京市,北京大学公共卫生学院
    3.100191 北京市,北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心
    4.169857 新加坡,新加坡国立大学杜克-新国立医学院
    5.2050澳大利亚悉尼,新南威尔士大学乔治全球健康研究院
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-04 修回日期:2026-05-12 出版日期:2026-11-05 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 廖晓阳, 赵洋

  • 作者贡献:

    廖晓阳、赵洋负责文章的构思、设计和内容修订;程玉、杨荣负责文献资料的收集与分析、图表的编辑和整理;程玉负责文章初稿撰写;杨荣、龙仁、廖晓阳、赵洋对文章内容及格式进行补充修改;赵洋负责文章的质量控制和审校,对文章整体负责。

    本文为中文翻译版本,原文Design, Implementation and Case Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Community-based Primary Care Settings已获得授权。翻译与出版遵循COPE和ICMJE关于二次发表的指南。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(62506248); 四川省自然科学基金资助项目(2024NSFSC1534); 乔治-港中文联合研究基金资助项目(JCRF2023P01260)

Study Design, Implementation and Case Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Community-based Primary Care Settings

CHENG Yu1, YANG Rong1, LONG Ren2,3, LIAO Xiaoyang1,*(), ZHAO Yang4,5,*()   

  1. 1. General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    2. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    3. China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    4. Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
    5. The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2050, Australia
  • Received:2026-01-04 Revised:2026-05-12 Published:2026-11-05 Online:2026-10-10
  • Contact: LIAO Xiaoyang, ZHAO Yang

摘要: 随机对照试验(RCTs)作为目前高质量医学研究的重要方法,在基层社区情景下规范开展,能显著助力医学证据的产生、验证、指南优化、临床实践转化和推广应用。然而,在基本医疗和全科医学领域设计和实施社区RCTs时,常面临诸多条件限制、方法学局限及资源不足等挑战。本文梳理并探讨基层社区背景下RCTs的设计要点、实施方法、关键步骤,以及注意事项和局限性;结合国内外相关研究案例与实施过程,剖析设计细节和优点,为基层医疗和全科医学研究者科学开展RCTs提供有益参考。

关键词: 随机对照试验, 研究设计, 初级卫生保健, 全科医学, 案例解析

Abstract:

As the "gold standard" of medical research evidence, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can significantly enhance the external validity and practical transformability of medical evidence when conducted in primary care community settings. However, the design and implementation of community-based RCTs in the fields of primary care and general practice often face practical constraints, methodological limitations, and insufficient resources. This article aims to introduce and discuss the core design principles, implementation strategies, and key procedures of community RCTs, as well as their precautions and limitations. By integrating domestic and international case studies, the authors analyze the technical details and essential requirements of these trials, providing a valuable reference for conducting robust randomized controlled research in primary care and general practice.

Key words: Randomized controlled trial, Research design, Primary health care, General practice, Case analysis

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