腹部动力灸对围绝经期失眠大鼠单胺类神经递质及脑肠肽的影响研究

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0137

中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (18): 2504-2512.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0137

• 论著 • 上一篇

腹部动力灸对围绝经期失眠大鼠单胺类神经递质及脑肠肽的影响研究

张晓婷¹, 张雪枫², 邱思淦³, 刘俊昌¹^,⁴^,^*(), 古来撒尔·艾克拜尔¹, 卢旭昇⁴, 樊思恩¹, 康霞¹, 兰永利¹

1．830017　新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市，新疆医科大学针推骨伤系
2．842000　新疆维吾尔自治区库车市，库车市中医医院（库车市维吾尔医院）针灸科
3．365000　福建省三明市中西医结合医院科教科
4．830000　新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市，新疆医科大学第四临床医学院推拿科

收稿日期:2025-03-19 修回日期:2025-10-14 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-05-21
通讯作者: 刘俊昌
作者贡献：
张晓婷、刘俊昌提出主要研究目标，负责研究的构思与设计，撰写论文；张雪枫、邱思淦负责研究的实施；古来撒尔·艾克拜尔、樊思恩进行数据的收集与整理；卢旭昇、兰永利进行统计学处理，图、表的绘制与展示；张晓婷、康霞进行论文的修订，负责文章的质量控制与审查，对文章整体负责，监督管理。
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01C199); 国家自然科学基金地区项目(81960906)

Effect of Abdominal Dynamic Moxibustion on Monoamine Neurotransmitters and Brain-gut Peptides in Perimenopausal Insomnia Rats

ZHANG Xiaoting¹, ZHANG Xuefeng², QIU Sigan³, LIU Junchang¹^,⁴^,^*(), GULAISAER Aikebaier¹, LU Xusheng⁴, FAN Sien¹, KANG Xia¹, LAN Yongli¹

1. Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion orthopedic, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqis 830017, China
2. Department of Acupuncture, Kuche Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Kuche Uighur Hospital), Kuche 842000, China
3. Department of Science and Education, Sanming Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Sanming 365000, China
4. Department of Massage, Fourth Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2025-03-19 Revised:2025-10-14 Published:2026-06-20 Online:2026-05-21
Contact: LIU Junchang

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摘要/Abstract

摘要： 背景围绝经期失眠对女性健康带来了不利影响，西医治疗围绝经期失眠主要采用激素替代疗法和镇静安眠药物，但激素替代疗法复发率高，同时存在较高的血栓和癌变风险，镇静催眠药物容易造成依赖性等问题。因此探索安全有效的非药物治疗方法具有重要的临床意义。目的探讨动力灸治疗围绝经期失眠大鼠的可能作用机制。方法采用区组随机化法将40只SPF级成年雌性SD大鼠分为假手术组、模型组、动力灸组、悬灸组和阳性对照组，每组8只，制作大鼠围绝经期失眠模型。假手术组和模型组大鼠予10 mL/kg 0.9%NaCl溶液灌胃；动力灸组采用动力灸治疗；悬灸组采用回旋灸进行干预；阳性对照组予0.1 mg/L艾司唑仑溶液10 mL/kg灌胃，1次/d，干预连续15 d。大鼠摘除卵巢1周后采集阴道脱落细胞Giemsa染色；成模后戊巴比妥钠协同睡眠实验评估大鼠睡眠潜伏期和睡眠时间；Morris水迷宫实验评估围绝经期大鼠模型的学习能力和记忆能力。Morris水迷宫实验和戊巴比妥钠协同睡眠实验结束，处死大鼠，留置下丘脑和结肠组织。苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察大鼠结肠组织病理变化。免疫组化染色检测下丘脑、结肠组织P物质（SP）、神经肽Y（NPY）蛋白表达情况。免疫印迹（Western blot）检测大鼠丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白表达情况。酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测大鼠血清SP、NPY、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、雌二醇（E2）水平。结果 Giemsa染色结果显示，假手术组大鼠保持规律动情周期，造模大鼠失去动情周期率为100%，提示大鼠进入围绝经期。与假手术组大鼠比较，模型组入睡潜伏期延长、睡眠持续时间缩短；与模型组大鼠比较，各治疗组入睡潜伏期缩短、睡眠持续时间延长；与悬灸组比较，动力灸组入睡潜伏期缩短，睡眠持续时间显著延长（P<0.05）。Morris水迷宫实验结果显示，与假手术组比较，模型组大鼠穿越平台次数减少，逃避潜伏期延长、总路程增加；与模型组相比，各干预组大鼠总路程缩短、逃避潜伏期缩短、穿越平台次数增加（P<0.05）。HE染色显示，假手术组大鼠结肠组织切片结构规则完整，排列有序，神经元数量较多；模型组大鼠结肠组织表面不规则，结构变化，神经元细胞数量减少；与模型组比较，各干预组大鼠结肠组织隐窝排列较均匀有序，神经元细胞数量增加，腹部动力灸组改善明显。免疫组化染色结果显示，与假手术组比较，模型组大鼠结肠、丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，各干预组大鼠结肠、丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）；与悬灸组相比，动力灸组和阳性对照组结肠、丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）。Western blot结果显示，与假手术组比较，模型组大鼠丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，各干预组丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）；与悬灸组相比，动力灸组和阳性对照组SP蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）。ELISA结果显示，与假手术组比较，模型组大鼠血清SP、NPY、5-HT、E2水平降低，NE水平升高；与模型组比较，各干预组大鼠血清SP、NPY、5-HT水平增加，NE水平降低；与悬灸组比较，动力灸组血清SP、5-HT增加，NE水平降低（P<0.05）。结论腹部动力灸可改善围绝经期失眠模型大鼠的睡眠和空间认知能力，其作用机制可能与调节脑肠肽和单胺类神经递质表达相关。

关键词: 围绝经期失眠, 动力灸, 脑肠肽, 单胺类神经递质, 雌二醇

Abstract:

Background

Perimenopausal insomnia adversely affects women's health. Western medicine primarily employs hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and sedative-hypnotic drugs for its treatment. However, HRT is associated with a high recurrence rate and carries increased risks of thrombosis and carcinogenesis, while sedative-hypnotics often lead to issues of dependence and addiction. Therefore, exploring safe and effective non-pharmacological treatments holds significant clinical importance.

Objective

To investigate the potential mechanism of action of dynamic moxibustion in treating perimenopausal insomnia.

Methods

Forty SPF-grade adult female SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a model group, a dynamic moxibustion group, a suspended moxibustion group, and a positive control group using a block randomization method, with 8 rats per group. A rat model of perimenopausal insomnia was established. Rats in the sham-operated and model groups received intragastric administration of 0.9% NaCl solution (10 mL/kg). The dynamic moxibustion group received treatment with dynamic moxibustion. The suspended moxibustion group received intervention with circling moxibustion. The positive control group received intragastric administration of 0.1 mg/L estazolam solution (10 mL/kg), once daily. All interventions lasted for 15 consecutive days. One week after ovariectomy, vaginal exfoliated cells were collected for Giemsa staining. After the intervention period, a pentobarbital sodium cooperative sleep test was conducted to evaluate sleep duration. The Morris water maze test was used to assess learning and memory abilities in the perimenopausal rat model. After the completion of the Morris water maze and pentobarbital sodium tests, rats were anesthetized and sacrificed, and hypothalamic and colon tissues were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe pathological changes in colon tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein expression of substance P (SP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus and colon tissues. Western blot analysis was used to detect SP and NPY protein expression in thalamic tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum levels of SP, NPY, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and estradiol (E2).

Results

Giemsa staining results showed that rats in the sham-operated group maintained a regular estrous cycle, while the modeling success rate, indicated by loss of the estrous cycle, was 100% in the model group, suggesting the rats entered a perimenopausal state. Compared with the sham-operated group, the model group exhibited prolonged sleep latency and shortened sleep duration. Compared with the model group, all treatment groups showed shortened sleep latency and prolonged sleep duration. Compared with the suspended moxibustion group, the dynamic moxibustion group demonstrated shortened sleep latency and significantly prolonged sleep duration (P<0.05). Morris water maze results indicated that compared with the sham-operated group, the model group showed decreased platform crossings, prolonged escape latency, and increased total path length. Compared with the model group, all intervention groups exhibited a shortened total path length, decreased escape latency, and increased platform crossings (P<0.05). HE staining revealed that the sham-operated group had regular, intact, and orderly arranged colonic tissue structure with abundant neurons. The model group showed irregular colonic tissue surfaces, structural changes, and a decreased number of neuronal cells. Compared with the model group, all intervention groups demonstrated more uniformly and orderly arranged colonic crypts and an increased number of neuronal cells, with the abdominal dynamic moxibustion group showing marked improvement. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with the sham-operated group, the model group had decreased protein expression of SP and NPY in the colon and thalamic tissues (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, all intervention groups showed increased protein expression of SP and NPY in the colon and thalamic tissues (P<0.05). Compared with the suspended moxibustion group, the dynamic moxibustion and positive control groups exhibited increased protein expression of SP and NPY in the colon and thalamic tissues (P<0.05). Western blot results indicated that compared with the sham-operated group, the model group had increased protein expression of SP and NPY in the thalamic tissue (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, all intervention groups showed decreased protein expression of SP and NPY in the thalamic tissue (P<0.05). Compared with the suspended moxibustion group, the dynamic moxibustion and positive control groups exhibited increased SP protein expression (P<0.05). ELISA results demonstrated that compared with the sham-operated group, the model group had significantly decreased serum levels of SP, NPY, 5-HT, and E2, and significantly increased NE levels. Compared with the model group, all intervention groups showed significantly increased serum levels of SP, NPY, and 5-HT, and decreased NE levels. Compared with the suspended moxibustion group, the dynamic moxibustion group showed significantly increased serum SP and 5-HT levels, and decreased NE levels (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Abdominal dynamic moxibustion can improve sleep and spatial cognitive ability in a rat model of perimenopausal insomnia. Its mechanism of action may be associated with the regulation of brain-gut peptide and monoamine neurotransmitter expression.

Key words: Perimenopausal insomnia, Dynamic moxibustion, Brain-gut peptide, Monoamine neurotransmitter, Estradiol

张晓婷,张雪枫,邱思淦,等. 腹部动力灸对围绝经期失眠大鼠单胺类神经递质及脑肠肽的影响研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(18): 2504-2512. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0137.
ZHANG Xiaoting,ZHANG Xuefeng,QIU Sigan, et al. Effect of Abdominal Dynamic Moxibustion on Monoamine Neurotransmitters and Brain-gut Peptides in Perimenopausal Insomnia Rats[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(18): 2504-2512. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0137.

图/表 10

图1 大鼠阴道脱落细胞Giemsa染色结果（×100）注：A以有核上皮细胞为主；B以无核角化的上皮细胞为主；C以白细胞为主；D上皮细胞、角化细胞、白细胞共存；E-H为摘除卵巢后不同时间采集的大鼠阴道涂片，失去动情周期，以白细胞为主。

Figure 1 Results of Giemsa staining of rat vaginal exfoliated cells

表1 大鼠睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续时间比较（±s，min）

Table 1 Comparison of sleep latency and sleep duration in rats

分组	只数	睡眠潜伏期	睡眠持续时间
假手术组	8	8.28±1.33	45.15±2.03
模型组	8	16.03±1.27^a	22.18±2.21^a
悬灸组	8	12.22±1.05^b	35.24±3.18^b
动力灸组	8	9.48±0.98^bc	39.03±2.23^bc
阳性对照组	8	9.18±0.87^bc	39.22±1.85^bc
F值		25.67	32.41
P值		0.04	0.03

表2 大鼠穿越平台次数、逃避潜伏期、总路程的比较（±s）

Table 2 Comparison of the number of times rats crossed the platform，the incubation period of escape，and the total distance traveled

分组	只数	穿越平台次数（次）	逃避潜伏期（s）	总路程（cm）
假手术组	8	11.63±1.30	14.92±2.08	750.34±39.27
模型组	8	3.25±1.58^a	55.9±3.45^a	2 206.36±361.99^a
悬灸组	8	7.13±0.64^b	31.58±3.65^b	1 079.51±87.89^b
动力灸组	8	10.00±1.07^bc	24.3±3.11^bc	899.44±59.62^bc
阳性对照组	8	10.13±1.25^bc	24.11±2.48^bc	894.80±44.10^bc
F值		28.57	42.13	35.69
P值		0.03	0.03	0.04

图2 各组大鼠结肠组织细胞形态（×200）

Figure 2 Morphology of colon tissue cells of rats in each group

图3 各组大鼠结肠组织SP、NPY蛋白免疫组化结果（×200）注：SP=P物质，NPY=神经肽Y。

Figure 3 Immunohistochemical results of SP and NPY proteins in colonic tissues of rats in each group

图4 各组大鼠丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白免疫组化结果（×200）

Figure 4 Immunohistochemical results of SP and NPY proteins in thalamic tissues of rats in each group

表3 大鼠结肠、丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白表达免疫组化染色结果（±s）

Table 3 Immunohistochemical staining results of SP and NPY proteins in the colon and thalamus tissues of rats

分组	只数	SP		NPY
分组	只数	结肠	丘脑	结肠	丘脑
假手术组	8	7.38±0.63	5.96±0.61	9.71±0.80	5.28±0.53
模型组	8	1.24±0.57^a	2.95±0.57^a	3.52±0.77^a	2.32±0.49^a
悬灸组	8	4.57±0.49^b	3.94±0.51^b	4.73±0.77^b	3.47±0.46^b
动力灸组	8	6.77±0.61^bc	5.73±0.48^bc	7.60±0.74^bc	4.93±0.50^bc
阳性对照组	8	7.28±0.60^bc	5.77±0.53^bc	8.44±0.69^bc	5.02±0.55^bc
F值		38.62	45.17	29.85	32.41
P值		0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04

图5 大鼠丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白条带图注：a为假手术组，b为模型组，c为动力灸组，d为悬灸组，e为阳性对照组；SP=P物质，NPY=神经肽Y。

Figure 5 Pattern of SP and NPY protein bands in rat thalamic tissue

表4 大鼠丘脑组织SP、NPY蛋白Western blot结果（±s）

Table 4 Western blot results of SP and NPY proteins in the thalamic tissue of rats

分组	只数	SP	NPY
假手术组	8	0.86±0.40	0.89±0.03
模型组	8	0.51±0.06^a	0.69±0.06^a
悬灸组	8	0.74±0.11^b	0.95±0.07^b
动力灸组	8	0.95±0.05^bc	0.86±0.04^b
阳性对照组	8	1.17±0.11^bc	0.96±0.07^b
F值		32.47	43.16
P值		0.03	0.02

表5 各组大鼠血清SP、NPY、5-HT、NE、E2表达比较（±s）

Table 5 Comparison of the expressions of serum SP, NPY, 5-HT, NE and E2 in each group of rats

组别	只数	SP（ng/mL）	NPY（ng/mL）	5-HT（ng/mL）	NE（pm/mL）	E2（pg/mL）
假手术组	8	0.43±0.02	0.84±0.06	14.10±1.12	4.14±1.15	75.07±14.21
模型组	8	0.18±0.03^a	0.51±0.03^a	9.50±1.06^a	8.60±1.05^a	30.15±11.57^a
悬灸组	8	0.24±0.01^b	0.60±0.02^b	10.10±1.06^b	7.65±1.07^b	33.47±11.93
动力灸组	8	0.37±0.05^bc	0.67±0.04^*	13.20±1.10^bc	5.86±1.09^bc	35.23±12.11
阳性对照组	8	0.31±0.02^bc	0.72±0.03^bc	13.40±2.09^bc	5.79±1.11^bc	35.25±14.28
F值		22.45	19.87	25.32	21.68	18.94
P值		0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02

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腹部动力灸对围绝经期失眠大鼠单胺类神经递质及脑肠肽的影响研究

Effect of Abdominal Dynamic Moxibustion on Monoamine Neurotransmitters and Brain-gut Peptides in Perimenopausal Insomnia Rats

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