中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (23): 2897-2903.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0756

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆石河子市2019—2021年宫颈癌筛查结果对比分析

乔慧1,2, 韦艳1,2, 刘玉1,2, 白瑞1,2, 杨萍1,2,*()   

  1. 1.832000 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市,石河子大学第一附属医院
    2.832000 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市,国家卫生健康委中亚高发病防治重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-10 修回日期:2024-03-28 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 杨萍

  • 作者贡献:

    乔慧、杨萍负责文章思路的构建;乔慧、韦艳、刘玉负责数据收集与整理;乔慧负责数据的统计分析;乔慧和白瑞负责文章结果部分的分析讨论;杨萍负责文章修订,对论文整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82072893); 国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(82360541); 天山英才科技创新领军人才-高层次领军人才(CZ001201); 兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2023AB055); 自治区科技厅重点研发项目(2022B03018-2)

Comparative Analysis of Cervical Cancer Screening Results from 2019 to 2021 in Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

QIAO Hui1,2, WEI Yan1,2, LIU Yu1,2, BAI Rui1,2, YANG Ping1,2,*()   

  1. 1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Morbidity in Central Asia, National Health Commission, Shihezi 832000, China
  • Received:2024-01-10 Revised:2024-03-28 Published:2024-08-15 Online:2024-05-08
  • Contact: YANG Ping

摘要: 背景 宫颈癌是常见的威胁女性健康的恶性肿瘤之一,不同地区对宫颈癌的筛查和防治也不尽相同。新疆地区的经济、文化情况与其他地区差异较大,故了解该地区的宫颈癌筛查效果对具体筛查方案的调整具有实际意义。 目的 对比分析2019—2021年新疆石河子市宫颈癌筛查结果,了解该地区女性高危型人乳头瘤状病毒(hrHPV)的感染分布及宫颈病变检出的变化情况。 方法 石河子市的宫颈癌筛查以3年为1个周期,回顾性收集2019—2021年在石河子大学第一附属医院、石河子市人民医院、石河子市妇幼保健院行以hrHPV为初筛的68 300例妇女的筛查数据。对比分析2019—2021年hrHPV的感染分布及宫颈病变检出的变化情况。 结果 2019年筛查18 378人,2020年筛查28 616人,2021年筛查21 306人。2021年hrHPV阳性率为9.90%(2 109/21 306),2020年为9.13%(2 612/28 616),低于2019年的15.32%(2 816/18 378)(P<0.017)。hrHPV52型和hrHPV16型阳性率连续3年位居石河子市前两位。2021年非HPV16/18型需行薄层液基细胞学检测(TCT)检查率为88.61%(1 502/1 695),2020年为74.70%(1 559/2 087),高于2019年的48.90%(1 090/2 229)(P<0.017)。行阴道镜检查的妇女病理结果≥宫颈低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)阳性率2021年最高,为52.80%(217/411);其次是2020年,为41.42%(239/577);2019年最低,为28.53%(107/375)(P<0.017)。 结论 新疆石河子市2019—2021年hrHPV阳性率有一定下降,但hrHPV52型和hrHPV16型仍为主要感染类型。自2019年开展宫颈癌筛查工作以来,hrHPV阳性率由15.32%下降至9.90%,TCT检查率由48.90%上升至88.61%,宫颈病检结果≥LSIL的阳性率由28.53%上升至52.80%,2019—2021年宫颈癌筛查的完成度及宫颈病变检出率有明显提高。

关键词: 宫颈癌, 人乳头瘤病毒, 石河子市, 阴道镜检查, 筛查结果, 随访管理

Abstract:

Background

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the common malignant tumors that poses a threat to female health. The screening and prevention strategies of CC vary in different regions. The economic and cultural levels in the Xinjiang region differ significantly from those in other areas. It is of practical significance to identify CC screening efficacy in this region, thus favoring the modification of CC screening program.

Objective

To compare and analyze the CC screening results in Shihezi city, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2021, and to understand the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and the changes in cervical lesion detection in this region.

Methods

CC screening in Shihezi city was conducted in a three-year interval. We retrospectively collected the screening data of 68 300 women from 2019 to 2021, who underwent hrHPV-based screening in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi City People's Hospital, and Shihezi Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The distribution of hrHPV infection and the changes in cervical lesion detection from 2019 to 2021 were compared and analyzed.

Results

A total of 18 378, 28 616 and 21 306 individuals were screened for CC in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. The hrHPV-positive rate in 2021 and 2022 was significantly lower than that in 2019 [9.90% (2 109/21 306) vs 9.13% (2 612/28 616) vs 15.32% (2 816/18 378), P<0.017]. The hrHPV 52 type and hrHPV 16 type had the highest positive rates for three consecutive years in Shihezi city. The rate of thin-layer cytology (TCT) examination for non-HPV 16/18 types in 2021 and 2020 was significantly higher than that in 2019 [88.61% (1 502/1 695) vs 74.70% (1 559/2 087) vs 48.90% (1 090/2 229), P<0.017]. Among women who underwent vaginal colposcopy, the positive pathology rate of LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and above was the highest in 2021 [52.80% (217/411) ], followed by that in 2020 [41.42% (239/577) ] and the lowest in 2019 [28.53% (107/375) ] (P<0.017) .

Conclusion

The hrHPV-positive rate in Shihezi city, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region showed certain decline from 2019 to 2021, but hrHPV 52 type and hrHPV 16 type remained the main infection types. Since the initiation of CC screening in 2019, the hrHPV-positive rate has decreased from 15.32% to 9.90%, the TCT examination rate has increased from 48.90% to 88.61%, and the positive rate of cervical lesion detection of LSIL and above has increased from 28.53% to 52.80% from 2019 to 2021. There have been significant improvements in the completion rate of CC screening and the detection rate of cervical lesions.

Key words: Cervical cancer, Human papillomavirus, Shihezi city, Vaginal colposcopy, Screening results, Follow-up management