血浆β2微球蛋白水平与老年轻度认知障碍的关系研究

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.02.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 背景　随着我国进入老龄化社会，老年轻度认知障碍（MCI）越来越常见，β2微球蛋白（β2M）作为一种新的生物标志物逐渐进入大众视野，而β2M在衰老和认知调节中的作用尚存在很大争议。目的　探究血浆β2M水平与老年MCI的关系。方法　选取2018年6月至2019年6月在北京大学人民医院老年科住院的233例患者为研究对象。依据蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分将所有患者分为MCI组108例，认知正常（NC）组125例。收集两组患者人口学特征及入院时实验室检查指标。比较两组患者人口学特征、实验室检查指标、MoCA评分，分析MoCA评分与年龄、受教育年限、血浆β2M水平的相关性。采用二元Logistic回归分析探究老年患者发生MCI影响因素。结果　MCI组患者年龄、血浆β2M水平高于NC组，受教育年限少于NC组，MoCA评分低于NC组（P<0.05）。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示，年龄（rs=-0.361，P<0.001）、血浆β2M水平（rs=-0.283，P<0.001）与MoCA评分呈负相关，受教育年限与MoCA评分呈正相关（rs=0.305，P<0.001）。控制年龄为协变量，二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，血浆β2M水平〔OR=1.955，95%CI（1.060，3.606）〕是老年患者发生MCI的危险因素，受教育年限〔OR=0.860，95%CI（0.777，0.951）〕是老年患者发生MCI的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论　血浆β2M水平是老年患者发生MCI的独立危险因素，对血浆β2M水平较高的老年人进行筛查有助于早期识别MCI及预防MCI的发生发展。

关键词: 认知障碍；老年人；&beta, 2微球蛋白；影响因素分析

Abstract: Background　Since China entering an aging society，mild cognitive impairment （MCI） in the elderly has become increasingly prevalent. As a new biomarker，β-2 microglobulin （β2M） has gradually gained public attention. However，the role of β2M in aging process and cognitive regulation is still controversial.Objective　To investigate the association between plasma β2M level and MCI in geriatrics. Methods　Two hundred and thirty-three patients hospitalized in Department of Geriatrics，Peking University People's Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected for the study. According to the score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA），the patients were divided into MCI group （n=108） and normal cognitive function group（n=125）. Demographic characteristics，laboratory examination indicators on admission and MoCA score were compared between the two groups. The correlation of MoCA score with age，years of education，and plasma β2M level was analyzed. Binary Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the influencing factors of MCI in elderly patients. Results　Participants with MCI had greater average age，higher average plasma level of β2M，less average years of education and lower average MoCA score than those with normal cognitive function （P<0.05）. The results of Spearman's rank correlation analysis presented that age（rs=-0.361，P<0.001） and plasma level of β2M （rs=-0.283，P<0.001） were negatively correlated with MoCA score，while years of education was positively correlated with MoCA score （rs=0.305，P<0.001）. After adjusting for age as a covariate，binary Logistic analysis showed that elevated plasma β2M level 〔OR=1.955，95%CI （1.060，3.606）〕 was associated with increased risk of MCI，while longer years of education〔OR=0.860，95%CI （0.777，0.951）〕 was associated with decreased risk of MCI（P<0.05）. Conclusion　Elevated plasma β2M level may be an independent risk factor for MCI in elderly patients. Therefore，early screening for MCI in older people with higher plasma β2M level could contribute to early identification and prevention of MCI.

Key words: Cognitive dysfunction, Aged, Beta 2-microglobulin, Root cause analysis

李捷思,潘梓末,陈陵霞,等. 血浆β2微球蛋白水平与老年轻度认知障碍的关系研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(30): 3878-3881. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.02.034.
LI Jiesi,PAN Zimo,CHEN Lingxia, et al. Relationship between Plasma β-2 Microglobulin Level and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly　[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2021, 24(30): 3878-3881. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.02.034.

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