关键词: 初级卫生保健；卫生保健评价机制；质量保证, 卫生保健；质量改进；绩效评估；家庭医学；全科医学；美国

Abstract: As the reform of public health services in the United States is underway，primary health care has played a key role in its reform in recent years.In December 2018，the American Academy of Family Physicians（AAFP） published Vision and Principles of a Quality Measurement Strategy for Primary Care（the Principles）．It involves six core principles，including distinction between quality measures and performance measures，definitions of quality measures and performance measures，characteristics of general practice and data source standardization.This has laid a solid theoretical foundation for a new US quality measurement standard for primary care in the future.By analyzing the limitations of the traditional pay-for-performance，the methodology of quality improvement，and the theory in general practice，this article interpreted the core ideas of the Principles and compared it with quality measurement systems in the UK，EU，and Australia，so as to point out its theoretical breakthroughs in the traditional pay-for-performance model.Based on this，this article also analyzed its impact on the current quality measurement system of general practice service in China，and proposed two suggestions on formulating core performance indicators and urging support from relevant associations for self-assessment and quality improvement of general practitioners in China.

Key words: Primary health care；Health care evaluation mechanisms；Quality assurance, health care；Quality improvement；Performance evaluation；Family practice；General practice；United States