Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (27): 3931-3937.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0508

• Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comparative Analysis of Prodromal and Postdromal Symptoms in Patients with Primary Headache

  

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control (Ministry of Education), School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
    2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
    3. Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
  • Received:2026-04-10 Revised:2026-06-10 Published:2026-09-20 Online:2026-08-11
  • Contact: YAO Yuanrong

原发性头痛患者前驱症状与后期症状的比较研究

  

  1. 1.561113 贵州省贵阳市,贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室
    2.550002 贵州省贵阳市,贵州省人民医院康复医学科
    3.550002 贵州省贵阳市,贵州省人民医院神经内科
  • 通讯作者: 姚源蓉
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    姚源蓉、洪峰提出主要研究目标;邓丹妮、蒲运玲负责研究的构思与设计,研究的实施,撰写论文;邓丹妮、蒲运玲、郑艳、毛梅进行数据的收集与整理,统计学处理,图、表的绘制与展示;邓丹妮进行论文的修订;姚源蓉负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划"常见多发病防治研究"专项(2023YFC2508701)

Abstract:

Background

Prodromal and postdrome symptoms are key phases in the course of primary headache disorders, offering insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and guiding early intervention. Current research has predominantly focused on migraine, while studies on prodromal and postdrome features in tension-type and cluster headaches remain limited. This study provides reference for precise clinical diagnosis and treatment through comparative analysis.

Objective

To analyze differences between prodromal and postdrome symptom profiles among patients with migraine, tension-type headache, and cluster headache.

Methods

A total of 1 202 patients with primary headache were enrolled from the Headache Center of the Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital between March 1, 2022, and February 1, 2025. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and structured questionnaires were used to gather information on prodromal and postdrome symptoms. The 1∶2∶2 nearest neighbor propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to balance the baseline differences among patients with migraine, tension type headache, and cluster headache. Chi-square tests were used to compare symptom differences between groups after matching, with Bonferroni correction applied for multiple comparisons.

Results

Among the 1 202 patients, 837 (69.6%) had migraine, 321 (26.7%) had tension-type headache, and 44 (3.7%) had cluster headache. Before matching, significant differences were observed in gender, age, education level, and current occupation across the three groups (P<0.05). After PSM, a balanced sample of 220 patients was obtained (44 with cluster headache, 88 with migraine, and 88 with tension-type headache), with no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics (P>0.05). The male predominance in cluster headache remained unchanged after matching, and all covariates showed SMD<0.1, indicating successful baseline balancing. Migraine patients reported higher frequencies of fatigue, nausea, and photophobia/phonophobia as prodromal symptoms compared to those with tension-type headache (P<0.017). Cluster headache patients exhibited significantly higher rates of depressive symptoms during the prodrome phase than both migraine and tension-type headache patients (P<0.017). In the postdrome phase, migraine and cluster headache patients experienced higher frequencies of fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and dizziness compared to tension-type headache patients (P<0.017).

Conclusion

Migraine patients, burdened by more severe symptoms and greater functional impact, have higher healthcare utilization; their prodromal symptom profile is the most extensive, with nausea and sensory sensitivities being characteristic. Cluster headache stands out due to prominent depressive symptoms in the prodrome, and both migraine and cluster headache exhibit significantly heavier postdrome symptom burdens than tension-type headache. By adjusting for baseline confounders, this study provides a more accurate understanding of symptom profiles across different types of primary headache, offering robust evidence for comprehensive symptom management throughout the disease course.

Key words: Primary headache, Prodromal symptoms, Postdromal symptoms, Clinical features

摘要:

背景

前驱症状与后期症状是原发性头痛病程的关键环节,可揭示病理机制并指导早期干预。目前研究多聚焦偏头痛,紧张性、丛集性头痛相关症状研究尚显不足,本研究通过对比分析,为临床精准诊疗提供参考。

目的

分析偏头痛、紧张性头痛、丛集性头痛患者前驱症状与后期症状的特征差异。

方法

纳入2022-03-01—2025-02-01于贵州省人民医院神经内科头痛中心就诊的原发性头痛患者1 202例为研究对象。收集患者一般资料、临床特征,通过结构化问卷对患者前驱症状与后期症状进行数据采集。采用1∶2∶2最近邻倾向性评分匹配(PSM)法均衡偏头痛、紧张性头痛与丛集性头痛患者的基线差异。匹配后采用χ2检验比较组间症状差异,Bonferroni校正多重比较。

结果

1 202例原发性头痛患者中偏头痛患者837例(69.6%)、紧张性头痛患者321例(26.7%)、丛集性头痛患者44例(3.7%)。匹配前偏头痛、紧张性头痛与丛集性头痛患者性别、年龄、受教育水平、当前身份比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);匹配后获得220例均衡样本(偏头痛88例、紧张性头痛88例、丛集性头痛44例),人口学特征比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PSM未改变丛集性头痛患者中男性高发的特征,且所有协变量SMD<0.1,基线均衡。偏头痛患者头痛前驱症状中疲劳、恶心、对光声敏感症状发生率高于紧张性头痛患者(P<0.017);丛集性头痛患者头痛前驱症状中抑郁症状发生率高于偏头痛和紧张性偏头痛患者(P<0.017)。偏头痛患者与丛集性头痛患者头痛后期症状中疲劳、注意力难以集中、头昏沉发生率高于紧张性头痛患者(P<0.017)。

结论

偏头痛患者因症状负荷重、功能影响大就诊率更高,其前驱症状谱最丰富,其中恶心与对光声敏感具有特征性;丛集性头痛前驱症状中抑郁症状发生率较高,偏头痛与丛集性头痛的后期症状负荷显著高于紧张性头痛。本研究通过校正基线混杂因素,更精准地揭示了不同类型原发性头痛的症状特征,为全病程症状管理提供了参考。

关键词: 原发性头痛, 前驱症状, 后期症状, 临床特征