The prevalence of anticancer drug-induced kidney injury is increasing, but related renal pathology studies are still rare.

To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with anticancer drug-related kidney injury.

We selected 112 cancer inpatients aged 18 years or older with kidney injury (kidney injury occurred after cancer or nearly at the same time as cancer, and may be directly or indirectly associated with anticancer treatment) detected by kidney biopsy from Department of Nephrology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from October 2013 to August 2021. We assigned those (n=65) who were previously treated with chemotherapy, molecularly targeted drugs or immune checkpoint inhibitors and other systemic treatments to an anticancer drug group, and other cases (n=47) to a non-use anticancer drug group. We collected their demographics, laboratory examination and pathological data, and analyzed the clinical features and pathological characteristics of kidney of those with anticancer drug-related kidney injury.

In the anticancer drug group, acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 30 (50.8%) out of 59 cases of solid cancer, and in 4 out of 6 cases of hematological cancer. In non-use anticancer drug group, AKI occurred in 11 (31.4%) out of 35 cases of solid cancer, and in 6 (50.0%) out of 12 cases of hematological cancer. The serum creatinine level increased after treatment in the anticancer drug group (P<0.001) . Anticancer drug group and non-use anticancer drug group had significant differences in sex ratio, smoking prevalence, mean serum albumin and elevated urinary protein excretion prevalence (P<0.05) , but had no significant differences in mean age, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, D-dimer, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and 24-hour urinary protein quantification, as well as prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and AKI (P>0.05) . Solid cancer patients with anticancer drug treatment had higher prevalence of tubulointerstitial injury (P=0.023) and lower prevalence ofmembranous nephrosis (P=0.004) compared with those without anticancer drug treatment. Renal tubulointerstitial injury was the main pathological manifestations in the anticancer drug group〔34 cases (52.3%) 〕. Membranous nephropathy〔18 cases (38.3%) 〕and tubulointerstitial injury〔18 cases (38.3%) 〕were main pathological manifestations in the non-use anticancer drug group.

There are various clinical and pathological types of anticancer drug-induced kidney injury. The application of anticancer drug may cause damage to renal function, so priority should be given to the prevention of renal tubulointerstitial injury during the treatment.

肿瘤治疗措施导致的肾损害日益多见，而该领域关于相应患者肾脏病理的研究较少。

分析抗肿瘤药物相关肾损害患者的临床及肾脏病理特点。

选取2013年10月至2021年8月在河北医科大学第四医院肾内科住院并行肾穿刺活检的≥18岁患者112例，肾损害出现时间位于发现肿瘤后或者与肿瘤同一时间出现，肾损害与恶性肿瘤或者肿瘤相关治疗存在直接或间接关系；既往应用化疗、分子靶向药物或免疫检查点抑制剂等全身治疗的患者纳入抗肿瘤药物组（65例），其余患者纳入未用抗肿瘤药物组（47例）。收集患者的一般资料、实验室检查和病理资料。分析抗肿瘤药物相关肾损害患者的临床及肾脏病理特点。

抗肿瘤药物组中59例实体瘤患者发生急性肾损伤（AKI）30例（50.8%），6例血液系统肿瘤患者发生AKI 4例（4/6）。未用抗肿瘤药物组35例实体瘤患者中发生AKI 11例（31.4%），12例血液系统肿瘤患者发生AKI 6例（50.0%）。抗肿瘤药物组治疗前血肌酐低于治疗后（P<0.001）。抗肿瘤药物组性别、吸烟比例、血清白蛋白、尿蛋白阳性率与未用抗肿瘤药物组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；两组年龄、血红蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、D-二聚体、糖尿病比例、高血压比例、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、尿蛋白定量、AKI发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。抗肿瘤药物组实体瘤患者肾脏病理表现为肾小管间质损伤的比例高于未用抗肿瘤药物组（P=0.023），而膜性肾病的比例较未用抗肿瘤药物组低（P=0.004）。抗肿瘤药物组最主要的病理表现为肾小管间质损伤34例（52.3%），未用抗肿瘤药物组最主要的病理表现为膜性肾病18例（38.3%）、肾小管间质损伤18例（38.3%）。

抗肿瘤药物相关肾损害患者的临床及病理存在多种类型，抗肿瘤药物可能会导致肾功能的损害，应用期间应警惕肾小管间质损伤。