Gestational Weight Gain and Energy Management: Composition, Relationship Exploration and Future Perspectives

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0324

Abstract

Abstract:

Gestational weight gain is a key indicator for assessing the nutritional status of pregnant women and evaluating the fetal development. Maintaining appropriate weight gain during pregnancy is fundamental to achieving favorable pregnancy outcomes and long-term prognosis. This article analyzes the components of gestational weight gain, provides an overview of weight gain recommendations for different groups of pregnant women, explores the relationship between gestational weight gain and energy intake, and subsequently offers actionable solutions for the future clinical management and research.

Key words: Gestational weight gain, Energy intake, Hyperglycemia in pregnancy, Body composition, Body fat measurement

摘要：

妊娠期体质量增长是衡量孕妇营养情况及评估胎儿生长发育的关键指标，孕妇维持适宜增重是获得良好妊娠结局及远期预后的基础。本文通过浅析妊娠期增重构成，概述不同人群孕妇增重方案，梳理妊娠期增重与能量摄入的关系，进而思考、探索未来本领域临床管理及科学研究的发展方向。

关键词: 孕期体重增长, 能量摄取, 妊娠期高血糖, 身体成分, 体脂检测

CLC Number:

R 714.14

SHU Xinyu,YAO Mi,JUAN Juan, et al. Gestational Weight Gain and Energy Management: Composition, Relationship Exploration and Future Perspectives[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(29): 4295-4302. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0324.
舒心宇,姚弥,隽娟等. 妊娠期增重及能量管理：构成、关系探究与展望[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(29): 4295-4302. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0324.

Figures/Tables 1

References 86

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指标	增重推荐				能量推荐
指标	BMI	总增重（kg）	中晚期增重速率[M（P₂₅，P₇₅），kg/周]	双胎妊娠总增重（kg）	能量推荐
美国^[18]	偏瘦（<18.5 kg/m²）	12.5~18.0	0.51（0.44，0.58）
	正常（18.5~24.9 kg/m²）	11.5~16.0	0.42（0.35，0.50）	16.8~24.5
	超重（25.0~29.9 kg/m²）	7.0~11.5	0.28（0.23，0.33）	14.1~22.7
	肥胖（≥30.0 kg/m²）	5.0~9.0	0.22（0.17，0.27）	11.4~19.1
中国^[23]	偏瘦（<18.5 kg/m²）	11.0~16.0	0.46（0.37，0.66）		妊娠早期能量摄入与孕前接近，中晚期较早孕期增加300~450 kcal，双胎妊娠在此基础上增加200 kcal/d
	正常（18.5~<24.0 kg/m²）	8.0~14.0	0.37（0.26，0.48）
	超重（24.0~<28.0 kg/m²）	7.0~11.0	0.30（0.22，0.37）
	肥胖（≥28.0 kg/m²）	5.0~9.0	0.22（0.15，0.30）

指标	增重推荐				能量推荐
指标	BMI	总增重（kg）	中晚期增重速率[M（P₂₅，P₇₅），kg/周]	双胎妊娠总增重（kg）	能量推荐
美国^[18]	偏瘦（<18.5 kg/m²）	12.5~18.0	0.51（0.44，0.58）
	正常（18.5~24.9 kg/m²）	11.5~16.0	0.42（0.35，0.50）	16.8~24.5
	超重（25.0~29.9 kg/m²）	7.0~11.5	0.28（0.23，0.33）	14.1~22.7
	肥胖（≥30.0 kg/m²）	5.0~9.0	0.22（0.17，0.27）	11.4~19.1
中国^[23]	偏瘦（<18.5 kg/m²）	11.0~16.0	0.46（0.37，0.66）		妊娠早期能量摄入与孕前接近，中晚期较早孕期增加300~450 kcal，双胎妊娠在此基础上增加200 kcal/d
	正常（18.5~<24.0 kg/m²）	8.0~14.0	0.37（0.26，0.48）
	超重（24.0~<28.0 kg/m²）	7.0~11.0	0.30（0.22，0.37）
	肥胖（≥28.0 kg/m²）	5.0~9.0	0.22（0.15，0.30）