Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (02): 195-200.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0106

• Article • Previous Articles    

The Association of Age at Menopause with Fasting Glucose and Diabetes

  

  1. 1. Molecular Epidemiology Research Center, the Affiliated Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
    2. Team of Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
  • Received:2025-04-13 Revised:2025-06-20 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2025-12-11
  • Contact: ZHANG Weisen

绝经年龄与绝经后空腹血糖和糖尿病的相关性研究

  

  1. 1.510620 广东省广州市,广州医科大学附属市十二人民医院分子流行病学研究室
    2.510620 广东省广州市,广州市第十二人民医院广州生物库队列研究组
  • 通讯作者: 张维森
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    罗娇玲负责数据清洗、分析与文章撰写;张维森负责课题设计、实施研究,指导文章撰写并审阅修改,对文章给予批判性意见;柴智浩参与数据分析与文章撰写;朱峰、朱彤、靳雅丽、潘静、江朝强参与课题工作,并对文章的知识性内容进行批评性审阅。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0907105)

Abstract:

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease in postmenopausal women. However, little is known about whether early or delayed age at menopause increases the risk of postmenopausal diabetes.

Objective

To explore the correlation between the early or delayed age of menopause and fasting blood glucose and diabetes in natural postmenopausal women, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of diabetes in this population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using baseline survey data from 4 905 postmenopausal women aged 50 and older in the Guangzhou Prospective Cohort Study on Chronic Diseases in Middle-aged and Elderly Adults. Data were collected between November 2017 and January 2020, covering demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, medical history, and reproductive history. Physical examinations were conducted, including measurements of fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels. The generalized linear regression (GLM) and Logistic regression models (LRM) were used to analyze the relationship of menopausal age with fasting blood glucose levels and diabetes.

Results

The mean age of the participants was (60.1±5.8) years and the mean age of menopause (50.3±3.1) years. Among them, 351 women experienced early menopause (≤45 years), 4 157 had normal menopause (46-54 years), and 397 had delayed menopause (≥55 years). Results from GLM showed that a linear association between menopausal age ≥50 years and fasting blood glucose (β=0.024, 95%CI=0.001-0.046, P<0.05) was found, whereas no significant linear relationship was observed in those with menopausal age <50 years (β=0.019, 95%CI=-0.002 to 0.040, P>0.05). Comparing with the normal age of menopause, the delayed menopausal age was associated with a 41.0% higher risk of diabetes mellitus (OR=1.410, 95%CI=1.026-1.938, P<0.05) and a 97.1% increased risk of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (OR=1.971, 95%CI=1.186-3.276, P<0.01). In contrast, no significant associations were found between early menopause and diabetes risk (OR=0.882, 95%CI=0.612-1.273) or newly diagnosed diabetes (OR=0.760, 95%CI=0.410-1.407) (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The delayed menopausal age is associated with an increased level of fasting glucose and risk of diabetes among postmenopausal women. However, no significant correlation was found in those with early age of menopause. It is necessary to strengthen diabetes prevention and control for those with delayed menopausal age in advance.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Age at menopause, Fasting glucose, Postmenopausal women

摘要:

背景

糖尿病是绝经后女性常见的慢性疾病,但绝经年龄的提前或延迟是否增加绝经后糖尿病风险,相关研究甚少。

目的

探讨绝经年龄提前或延迟与自然绝经后女性空腹血糖和糖尿病的相关性,为绝经后女性糖尿病防控提供参考。

方法

选取广州中老年人慢性病前瞻性队列研究中年龄≥50岁的自然绝经后女性4 905名,利用基线调查数据开展横断面研究。调查时间为2017年11月—2020年1月。调查内容包括一般人口特征、社会经济状况、生活方式、疾病史和生育史等,并进行体格检查,检测空腹血糖、血脂等。采用广义线性回归和Logistic回归模型分析绝经年龄与空腹血糖和糖尿病的关系。

结果

参与者平均年龄(60.1±5.8)岁,平均绝经年龄(50.3±3.1)岁,绝经年龄提前(≤45岁)351例,绝经年龄正常(46~54岁)4 157例,绝经年龄延迟(≥55岁)397例。广义线性回归模型结果显示,绝经年龄≥50岁与空腹血糖间存在线性关系(β=0.024,95%CI=0.001~0.046,P<0.05),绝经年龄<50岁与空腹血糖间无线性关系(β=0.019,95%CI=-0.002~0.040,P>0.05)。相较于绝经年龄正常,绝经年龄延迟患糖尿病风险增加41.0%(OR=1.410,95%CI=1.026~1.938,P<0.05),新发现糖尿病的患病风险增加97.1%(OR=1.971,95%CI=1.186~3.276,P<0.01);未发现绝经年龄提前与糖尿病(OR=0.882,95%CI=0.612~1.273)和新发现糖尿病(OR=0.760,95%CI=0.410~1.407)患病风险相关(P>0.05)。

结论

女性绝经年龄延迟与绝经后空腹血糖水平和糖尿病风险增加相关,暂未发现绝经年龄提前与绝经后空腹血糖水平和糖尿病的相关性,有必要提前加强绝经年龄延迟者的糖尿病防控。

关键词: 糖尿病, 绝经年龄, 空腹血糖, 绝经后女性

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