
Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (02): 195-200.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0106
Special Issue: 内分泌代谢性疾病最新文章合辑
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Received:2025-04-13
Revised:2025-06-20
Published:2026-01-15
Online:2025-12-11
Contact:
ZHANG Weisen
通讯作者:
张维森
作者简介:作者贡献:
罗娇玲负责数据清洗、分析与文章撰写;张维森负责课题设计、实施研究,指导文章撰写并审阅修改,对文章给予批判性意见;柴智浩参与数据分析与文章撰写;朱峰、朱彤、靳雅丽、潘静、江朝强参与课题工作,并对文章的知识性内容进行批评性审阅。
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0106
| 指标 | 提前(n=351) | 正常(n=4 157) | 延迟(n=397) | F(χ2)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄( | 61.4±6.9 | 59.8±5.7 | 62.1±4.8 | 38.060b | <0.001 |
| 婚姻状况[例(%)] | 12.036 | 0.002 | |||
| 已婚 | 287(81.8) | 3 663(88.1) | 348(87.7) | ||
| 单身 | 64(18.2) | 494(11.9) | 49(12.3) | ||
| 文化程度[例(%)] | 29.644 | <0.001 | |||
| 小学及以下 | 67(19.1) | 479(11.5) | 62(15.6) | ||
| 初中 | 76(21.7) | 851(20.5) | 74(18.6) | ||
| 高中 | 168(47.9) | 2 216(53.3) | 188(47.4) | ||
| 大专及以上 | 40(11.3) | 611(14.7) | 73(18.4) | ||
| 职业[例(%)] | 21.696 | <0.001 | |||
| 手工作业 | 143(40.7) | 1 609(38.7) | 137(34.5) | ||
| 非手工作业 | 65(18.6) | 859(20.7) | 120(30.2) | ||
| 其他 | 143(40.7) | 1 689(40.6) | 140(35.3) | ||
| 家庭年收入[例(%)] | 2.712 | 0.951 | |||
| <5.0万元 | 135(38.5) | 1 519(36.5) | 142(35.8) | ||
| 5.0~6.9万元 | 49(14.0) | 584(14.0) | 56(14.1) | ||
| 7.0~7.9万元 | 83(23.6) | 1 041(25.0) | 91(22.9) | ||
| ≥8.0万元 | 81(23.1) | 974(23.4) | 103(25.9) | ||
| 不确定 | 3(0.8) | 39(1.1) | 5(1.3) | ||
| 吸烟[例(%)] | 3.279 | 0.512 | |||
| 不吸烟 | 343(97.7) | 4 030(96.9) | 386(97.2) | ||
| 戒烟 | 6(1.7) | 103(2.5) | 11(2.8) | ||
| 目前吸烟 | 2(0.6) | 24(0.6) | 0 | ||
| 饮酒[例(%)] | 7.177 | 0.127 | |||
| 不饮酒 | 259(73.8) | 3 204(77.1) | 298(75.1) | ||
| 戒酒 | 81(23.1) | 786(18.9) | 76(19.1) | ||
| 目前饮酒 | 11(3.1) | 167(4.0) | 23(5.8) | ||
| 饮食习惯[例(%)] | 5.678 | 0.460 | |||
| 没有限制 | 140(39.9) | 1 812(43.6) | 164(41.3) | ||
| 多吃肉类 | 11(3.1) | 103(2.4) | 7(1.8) | ||
| 多吃蔬菜水果 | 179(51.0) | 1 940(46.7) | 193(48.6) | ||
| 特别饮食a | 21(6.0) | 302(7.3) | 33(8.3) | ||
| 体力活动[例(%)] | 4.100 | 0.393 | |||
| 低 | 93(26.5) | 1 109(26.7) | 121(30.5) | ||
| 中 | 248(70.7) | 2 878(69.2) | 260(65.5) | ||
| 高 | 10(2.8) | 170(4.1) | 16(4.0) | ||
| 初潮年龄[例(%)] | 2.816 | 0.589 | |||
| <13岁 | 69(19.7) | 840(20.2) | 74(18.6) | ||
| 13~16岁 | 239(68.1) | 2 849(68.5) | 268(67.5) | ||
| >16岁 | 43(12.2) | 468(11.3) | 55(13.9) | ||
| 生育子女数[例(%)] | 11.997 | 0.062 | |||
| 0个 | 8(2.3) | 118(2.8) | 10(2.4) | ||
| 1个 | 251(71.5) | 3 129(75.3) | 292(73.6) | ||
| 2个 | 54(15.4) | 630(15.2) | 57(14.4) | ||
| ≥3个 | 38(10.8) | 280(6.7) | 38(9.6) | ||
| 绝经年限[例(%)] | 437.029 | <0.001 | |||
| ≤6年 | 9(2.5) | 1 337(32.2) | 218(54.9) | ||
| 7~9年 | 29(8.3) | 1 137(27.3) | 98(24.7) | ||
| ≥10年 | 313(89.2) | 1 683(40.5) | 81(20.4) | ||
| 糖尿病[例(%)] | 12.245 | 0.016 | |||
| 无 | 310(88.3) | 3 727(89.7) | 334(84.1) | ||
| 已患 | 28(8.0) | 280(6.7) | 39(9.8) | ||
| 新发现 | 13(3.7) | 150(3.6) | 24(6.1) | ||
| FPG( | 5.75±1.78 | 5.63±1.33 | 5.80±1.39 | 4.174b | 0.015 |
| BMI( | 24.1±3.4 | 23.5±3.3 | 24.5±4.1 | 19.189b | <0.001 |
| TG( | 1.67±1.22 | 1.59±1.31 | 1.71±1.25 | 2.122b | 0.120 |
| HDL-C( | 1.67±0.47 | 1.71±0.43 | 1.66±0.41 | 4.132b | 0.016 |
| LDL-C( | 3.44±1.01 | 3.39±0.91 | 3.31±0.89 | 1.770b | 0.170 |
Table 1 Comparison of general demographic characteristic indicators among different menopausal age groups
| 指标 | 提前(n=351) | 正常(n=4 157) | 延迟(n=397) | F(χ2)值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄( | 61.4±6.9 | 59.8±5.7 | 62.1±4.8 | 38.060b | <0.001 |
| 婚姻状况[例(%)] | 12.036 | 0.002 | |||
| 已婚 | 287(81.8) | 3 663(88.1) | 348(87.7) | ||
| 单身 | 64(18.2) | 494(11.9) | 49(12.3) | ||
| 文化程度[例(%)] | 29.644 | <0.001 | |||
| 小学及以下 | 67(19.1) | 479(11.5) | 62(15.6) | ||
| 初中 | 76(21.7) | 851(20.5) | 74(18.6) | ||
| 高中 | 168(47.9) | 2 216(53.3) | 188(47.4) | ||
| 大专及以上 | 40(11.3) | 611(14.7) | 73(18.4) | ||
| 职业[例(%)] | 21.696 | <0.001 | |||
| 手工作业 | 143(40.7) | 1 609(38.7) | 137(34.5) | ||
| 非手工作业 | 65(18.6) | 859(20.7) | 120(30.2) | ||
| 其他 | 143(40.7) | 1 689(40.6) | 140(35.3) | ||
| 家庭年收入[例(%)] | 2.712 | 0.951 | |||
| <5.0万元 | 135(38.5) | 1 519(36.5) | 142(35.8) | ||
| 5.0~6.9万元 | 49(14.0) | 584(14.0) | 56(14.1) | ||
| 7.0~7.9万元 | 83(23.6) | 1 041(25.0) | 91(22.9) | ||
| ≥8.0万元 | 81(23.1) | 974(23.4) | 103(25.9) | ||
| 不确定 | 3(0.8) | 39(1.1) | 5(1.3) | ||
| 吸烟[例(%)] | 3.279 | 0.512 | |||
| 不吸烟 | 343(97.7) | 4 030(96.9) | 386(97.2) | ||
| 戒烟 | 6(1.7) | 103(2.5) | 11(2.8) | ||
| 目前吸烟 | 2(0.6) | 24(0.6) | 0 | ||
| 饮酒[例(%)] | 7.177 | 0.127 | |||
| 不饮酒 | 259(73.8) | 3 204(77.1) | 298(75.1) | ||
| 戒酒 | 81(23.1) | 786(18.9) | 76(19.1) | ||
| 目前饮酒 | 11(3.1) | 167(4.0) | 23(5.8) | ||
| 饮食习惯[例(%)] | 5.678 | 0.460 | |||
| 没有限制 | 140(39.9) | 1 812(43.6) | 164(41.3) | ||
| 多吃肉类 | 11(3.1) | 103(2.4) | 7(1.8) | ||
| 多吃蔬菜水果 | 179(51.0) | 1 940(46.7) | 193(48.6) | ||
| 特别饮食a | 21(6.0) | 302(7.3) | 33(8.3) | ||
| 体力活动[例(%)] | 4.100 | 0.393 | |||
| 低 | 93(26.5) | 1 109(26.7) | 121(30.5) | ||
| 中 | 248(70.7) | 2 878(69.2) | 260(65.5) | ||
| 高 | 10(2.8) | 170(4.1) | 16(4.0) | ||
| 初潮年龄[例(%)] | 2.816 | 0.589 | |||
| <13岁 | 69(19.7) | 840(20.2) | 74(18.6) | ||
| 13~16岁 | 239(68.1) | 2 849(68.5) | 268(67.5) | ||
| >16岁 | 43(12.2) | 468(11.3) | 55(13.9) | ||
| 生育子女数[例(%)] | 11.997 | 0.062 | |||
| 0个 | 8(2.3) | 118(2.8) | 10(2.4) | ||
| 1个 | 251(71.5) | 3 129(75.3) | 292(73.6) | ||
| 2个 | 54(15.4) | 630(15.2) | 57(14.4) | ||
| ≥3个 | 38(10.8) | 280(6.7) | 38(9.6) | ||
| 绝经年限[例(%)] | 437.029 | <0.001 | |||
| ≤6年 | 9(2.5) | 1 337(32.2) | 218(54.9) | ||
| 7~9年 | 29(8.3) | 1 137(27.3) | 98(24.7) | ||
| ≥10年 | 313(89.2) | 1 683(40.5) | 81(20.4) | ||
| 糖尿病[例(%)] | 12.245 | 0.016 | |||
| 无 | 310(88.3) | 3 727(89.7) | 334(84.1) | ||
| 已患 | 28(8.0) | 280(6.7) | 39(9.8) | ||
| 新发现 | 13(3.7) | 150(3.6) | 24(6.1) | ||
| FPG( | 5.75±1.78 | 5.63±1.33 | 5.80±1.39 | 4.174b | 0.015 |
| BMI( | 24.1±3.4 | 23.5±3.3 | 24.5±4.1 | 19.189b | <0.001 |
| TG( | 1.67±1.22 | 1.59±1.31 | 1.71±1.25 | 2.122b | 0.120 |
| HDL-C( | 1.67±0.47 | 1.71±0.43 | 1.66±0.41 | 4.132b | 0.016 |
| LDL-C( | 3.44±1.01 | 3.39±0.91 | 3.31±0.89 | 1.770b | 0.170 |
| 疾病 | 绝经年龄(岁) | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | ||
| 糖尿病 | ≤45 | 1.002(0.708~1.419) | 0.989 | 0.960(0.672~1.373) | 0.824 | 0.949(0.663~1.359) | 0.774 | 0.882(0.612~1.273) | 0.503 |
| 46~54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥55 | 1.434(1.073~1.918) | 0.015 | 1.534(1.125~2.091) | 0.007 | 1.543(1.129~2.108) | 0.007 | 1.410(1.026~1.938) | 0.034 | |
| 已患糖尿病 | ≤45 | 0.999(0.659~1.514) | 0.995 | 0.972(0.635~1.488) | 0.896 | 0.994(0.648~1.524) | 0.978 | 0.948(0.614~1.463) | 0.808 |
| 46~54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥55 | 1.343(0.939~1.920) | 0.106 | 1.404(0.962~2.050) | 0.078 | 1.381(0.944~2.021) | 0.096 | 1.277(0.868~1.879) | 0.214 | |
| 新发现糖尿病 | ≤45 | 0.991(0.554~1.771) | 0.975 | 0.886(0.485~1.621) | 0.695 | 0.833(0.454~1.528) | 0.555 | 0.760(0.410~1.407) | 0.382 |
| 46~54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥55 | 1.671(1.067~2.617) | 0.025 | 2.004(1.228~3.270) | 0.005 | 2.077(1.265~3.410) | 0.004 | 1.971(1.186~3.276) | 0.009 | |
Table 2 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on the association between early or delayed menopause and diabetes
| 疾病 | 绝经年龄(岁) | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | ||
| 糖尿病 | ≤45 | 1.002(0.708~1.419) | 0.989 | 0.960(0.672~1.373) | 0.824 | 0.949(0.663~1.359) | 0.774 | 0.882(0.612~1.273) | 0.503 |
| 46~54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥55 | 1.434(1.073~1.918) | 0.015 | 1.534(1.125~2.091) | 0.007 | 1.543(1.129~2.108) | 0.007 | 1.410(1.026~1.938) | 0.034 | |
| 已患糖尿病 | ≤45 | 0.999(0.659~1.514) | 0.995 | 0.972(0.635~1.488) | 0.896 | 0.994(0.648~1.524) | 0.978 | 0.948(0.614~1.463) | 0.808 |
| 46~54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥55 | 1.343(0.939~1.920) | 0.106 | 1.404(0.962~2.050) | 0.078 | 1.381(0.944~2.021) | 0.096 | 1.277(0.868~1.879) | 0.214 | |
| 新发现糖尿病 | ≤45 | 0.991(0.554~1.771) | 0.975 | 0.886(0.485~1.621) | 0.695 | 0.833(0.454~1.528) | 0.555 | 0.760(0.410~1.407) | 0.382 |
| 46~54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥55 | 1.671(1.067~2.617) | 0.025 | 2.004(1.228~3.270) | 0.005 | 2.077(1.265~3.410) | 0.004 | 1.971(1.186~3.276) | 0.009 | |
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