Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder primarily impacting the gastrointestinal tract, with some patients experiencing extra-intestinal manifestations. IBD is characterized by a significant incidence of intestinal disability and a chronic propensity for recurrence. The limited success rate of biological agents underscores the constraints of the current single-targeted therapeutic approach. Evidence of the advantages associated with established combination therapies has motivated researchers to investigate the combination therapeutic strategies involving diverse biological agents or biologics with small molecule drugs. This article provides a comprehensive review of the efficacy, safety, and appropriateness of drug combination therapy strategies, while also exploring novel methodologies for IBD treatment. For patients with refractory IBD, those with extra-intestinal manifestations, the drug combination therapies, especially the dual target therapy (DTT) strategy of combining two biologics or one biologic with one small molecule drug, may represent a more optimal approach. However, the safety of long-term treatment and the cost of medication have both become obstacles to the clinical application.

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种主要累及肠道的慢性复发性炎症性疾病，部分患者伴有肠外表现，肠道致残率高、具有终生复发倾向。因生物制剂具有较高失应答率等原因导致目前以单一靶向治疗为主的方案受到一定限制，既往比较成熟的联合治疗的获益，推动学者对于不同种类生物制剂联合或者生物制剂联合小分子药物的治疗方案的探索。本文就药物联合治疗策略的疗效、安全性、适合人群等问题进行总结，探索IBD治疗的新方法。对于难治性IBD或合并肠外表现的患者而言，药物联合治疗策略，尤其是两种生物制剂联用或者一种生物制剂和一种小分子药物联合治疗的双靶治疗（DTT）方案可能是一种更加理想的治疗策略，但长期治疗的安全性及用药成本均成为其在临床应用的障碍。