Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (34): 4344-4350.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0543

• Article·Focus on Chronic Disease Comorbidity • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Study on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Comorbidities among Urban-rural Elderly Hypertensive Patients

  

  1. 1. School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area 561113, China
    2. Anshun Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Anshun Health Supervision Center, Anshun 561000, China
  • Received:2025-02-15 Revised:2025-08-10 Published:2025-12-05 Online:2025-10-21
  • Contact: SUN Zhengyong

老年高血压患者共病现状及影响因素的城乡差异性研究

  

  1. 1.561113 贵州省贵安新区,贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室
    2.561000 贵州省安顺市疾病预防控制中心 安顺市卫生监督所
  • 通讯作者: 孙正勇
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    马念负责研究的构思与设计,研究的实施,撰写论文;马念、滕小艳、陈云进行数据的收集与整理,统计学处理;王子云、孙正勇提出主要研究目标,负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,进行论文修订。

Abstract:

Background

The prevalence of hypertension is high and the control rate is low. It is also a basic disease of comorbidity in the elderly. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the comorbidity of the elderly, and less consideration has been given to studying the comorbidity based on hypertension. Therefore, understanding the comorbidity of hypertension in urban and rural elderly is of great significance for the management of elderly patients with hypertension at the grass-roots level.

Objective

In order to understand the current situation and influencing factors of comorbidity in urban and rural elderly hypertension patients in Anshun City, and to improve the management strategy for elderly hypertension patients comorbidity in urban and rural areas.

Methods

The elderly hypertension patients who participated in physical examination in primary medical and health institutions in Anshun City in 2023 were selected as the research objects. After variable screening and transformation, missing values and outliers processing, 44 571 samples were finally included in the analysis. Demographic characteristics were selected from the basic information of elderly hypertension patients, including age, gender, marital status, etc. Behavioral habits and existing major health problems were collected from physical examination data. Apriori algorithm was used to mine common comorbidity patterns, and multi-classification Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors.

Results

A total of 44 571 valid samples were included, including 19 270 (43.23%) in urban and 25 301 (56.77%) in rural areas. There were statistically significant differences in the number of comorbidities among elderly hypertension patients in urban and rural areas, different genders, age groups, exercise status, smoking status, drinking status, medication status, medication compliance, and different educational levels (P<0.001). The comorbidity rate of elderly hypertensive patients in Anshun City was 70.44% (31 397 cases), of which the urban comorbidity rate was 74.45% (14 346 cases) and the rural comorbidity rate was 67.39% (17 051 cases). The co-morbidity patterns of urban and rural males and females were mainly "obesity + hypertension, dyslipidemia + hypertension, obesity + dyslipidemia + hypertension". The support of "obesity + hypertension" in urban areas is much higher than that in rural areas, while the support of "anemia + hypertension" in urban areas is lower than that in rural areas. There were strong association rules of "kidney disease + hypertension" in urban and rural males. Male medication in urban and rural areas, high school education and above, and women 's medication in urban and rural areas were all related to the coexistence of one disease (P<0.05). The age and exercise of women in urban and rural areas, the medication of men in urban and rural areas, and the education level of high school and above were related to the coexistence of the two diseases (P<0.05). The age, exercise status, medication status of urban males and urban and rural females, and the education level of high school and above of urban and rural males were all related to the coexistence of three or more diseases (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The comorbidity rate of elderly hypertensive patients in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas in Anshun city. The main comorbidity mode was "obesity+dyslipidemia / diabetes+hypertension". Age, medication, exercise and d education level are the influencing factors of hypertension comorbidity in the elderly. Strengthen the health monitoring of elderly patients with hypertension, strengthen the patient 's awareness of comorbidities, implement urban and rural differentiated comorbidity prevention strategies and measures, and improve the level of comorbidity prevention and treatment.

Key words: Hypertension, Aged, Urban-rural disparities, Multiple chronic conditions, Root cause analysis

摘要:

背景

高血压患病率较高,控制率较低,又是老年人共病的基础性疾病。然而,既往研究主要是关于老年人共病研究,较少考虑以高血压为基础来研究其共病情况,因此,了解城乡老年人高血压共病情况对基层管理老年高血压患者具有重要意义。

目的

了解安顺市城乡老年高血压患者共病现状及影响因素,以完善城乡老年高血压患者共病管理策略。

方法

选取2023年于安顺市基层医疗卫生机构参加健康体检的老年高血压患者为研究对象。在完成变量筛选与转化、缺失值、异常值处理后最终纳入分析样本44 571例。从老年高血压患者的基本信息中选取人口学特征,包括年龄、性别、婚姻状况等,从体检数据中收集行为习惯及现存主要健康问题。采用Apriori算法挖掘常见共病模式,多分类Logistic回归分析探讨影响因素。

结果

共纳入有效样本44 571例,城镇19 270例(43.23%),农村25 301例(56.77%)。城乡、不同性别、年龄组、锻炼情况、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、服药情况、服药依从性、不同文化程度的老年高血压患者共病数量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。安顺市老年高血压患者共病率70.44%(31 397例),其中城镇共病率74.45%(14 346例),农村共病率67.39%(17 051例)。城乡男性、女性共病模式主要是"肥胖+高血压、血脂异常+高血压、肥胖+血脂异常+高血压",其中城镇"肥胖+高血压"支持度远高于农村,而城镇"贫血+高血压"支持度却低于农村;城乡男性中存在"肾脏疾病+高血压"强关联规则。城乡中男性服药情况、高中及以上文化程度和城乡中女性的服药情况均与共存1种疾病有关(P<0.05);城乡中女性年龄、锻炼情况和城乡中男性的服药情况、高中及以上文化程度与共存2种疾病有关(P<0.05);城镇男性、城乡女性中年龄、锻炼情况、服药情况和城乡中男性高中及以上文化程度均与共存3种及以上疾病有关(P<0.05)。

结论

安顺市老年高血压患者共病率城镇高于农村;主要共病模式为"肥胖+血脂异常/糖尿病+高血压";年龄、服药情况、锻炼情况、文化程度是老年高血压共病数量的影响因素。加强老年高血压患者健康监测,强化患者对共病的认知,实施城乡差异化共病防治策略和措施,提升共病防治水平。

关键词: 高血压, 老年人, 城乡差异, 慢性病共病, 影响因素分析