The high prevalence and persistent growth of chronic diseases pose significant health challenges in China. This study, grounded in the antifragility development theory, explores intervention strategies for primary healthcare services to enhance chronic disease prevention and management. It systematically reviews the vulnerabilities of the primary healthcare system in addressing chronic disease management, including imbalances in medical resource allocation, challenges in policy implementation, underdeveloped information systems, and shortages of professional personnel. By innovatively introducing the concept of antifragility, the study emphasizes that the primary healthcare system can strengthen its capabilities by adapting to and improving under conditions of uncertainty and pressure. A series of intervention measures based on the antifragility framework are proposed, such as integrating interdisciplinary teams and information technology to deliver personalized health services, enhancing risk identification and health education, and implementing multi-level interventions to comprehensively reduce chronic disease risks. Other recommendations include increasing the flexibility and adaptability of family doctor contracting services, optimizing policy support and resource allocation, and establishing scientific evaluation and improvement mechanisms. This study aims to build a resilient, adaptive, and continuously optimized primary healthcare system, ultimately improving the quality of chronic disease management, residents' health outcomes, and overall quality of life.

慢性病的高发病率和持续增长的患病率是我国面临的重大健康问题和严峻挑战。本文基于反脆弱发展理论，探讨我国基层医疗卫生服务干预策略，为进一步优化慢性病防控管理提供重要参考。本文系统梳理了基层医疗卫生服务体系在应对慢性病管理时呈现的脆弱性，包括医疗资源不均衡、政策落地难、信息化建设有待加强和专业人员匮乏等问题。创新性引入反脆弱发展理论，强调基层医疗卫生服务系统在面对不确定性和压力时，应通过适应和改进不断增强自身能力，并提出一系列基于反脆弱发展理论的干预措施，如通过跨学科团队协作和信息技术集成提供个性化健康服务，强化风险识别与健康教育，通过多层次干预措施全面降低慢性病风险，提高家庭医生签约服务的灵活性和适应性，优化政策支持与资源配置，建立科学的评估和改进机制。本文旨在通过构建灵活适应、持续优化的基层医疗卫生服务体系，提高慢性病管理质量，进而改善居民健康水平和生活质量。