Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (35): 4473-4478.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0243

Special Issue: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• Original Research·Public Health Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Investigation on the Prevention and Control Capacity of Infectious Diseases and Influencing Factors in Primary Medical and Health Service Institutions in Beijing in 2019-2022

  

  1. Administrative Office of Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
  • Received:2024-07-19 Revised:2024-08-17 Published:2025-12-15 Online:2025-10-15
  • Contact: YU Jianping

2019—2022年北京市基层传染病防控能力及影响因素研究

  

  1. 100013 北京市疾病预防控制中心中心办公室
  • 通讯作者: 于建平
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    苏宁负责研究的构思与设计、研究的实施、统计学处理,撰写论文;刘平平、郭宇濛、芦明月进行数据的收集、整理与初步分析;朱瑞进行论文修订;于建平负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    北京市疾病预防控制中心、北京市预防医学研究中心科研培育专项(2020-BJYJ-16)

Abstract:

Background

Community health service institutions are the bottom of the infectious disease prevention and control system, and it's crucial to the control of urban epidemic situations. After the COVID-19, the prevention and control capacity of community health service institutions in Beijing has been improved, but there is a lack of evaluation, and the direction of future improvement is not clear.

Objective

To evaluate the changes in the infectious disease prevention and control capacity of community health service institutions in Beijing during the COVID-19 period, analyze the influencing factors, and put forward suggestions for improvement measures, so as to provide a scientific basis for further enhancing the prevention and control capacity of infectious diseases at the grass-roots level.

Methods

From 2019 to 2022, questionnaires were conducted on 334, 354, 405 and 405 community health service centers and independent community health service stations willing to cooperate with the survey in Beijing. The quantitative scoring method was used to measure the comprehensive capacity of infectious disease prevention and control of various institutions from the sentinel setting (20 points), pathogen detection of common infectious diseases (30 points), and the emergency capacity of responding to infectious diseases and public health emergencies (50 points). Linear mixed model is used to compare the changes in the prevention and control capacity of various institutions from 2019 to 2022, and the factors affecting the improvement of the prevention and control capacity of infectious diseases are analyzed.

Results

The median scores of comprehensive capacity for infectious disease prevention and control in 2019-2022 were 50 (43, 60), 63 (43, 70), 70 (50, 80) and 70 (50, 80), respectively. The differences between each year were statistically significant (P<0.05) .Linear mixed model showed that, organization category, whether to set up preventive health care department, whether to have P2 laboratory, the actual number of employees have an impact on the comprehensive ability of infectious disease prevention and control (P<0.05). The comprehensive capacity of infectious disease prevention and control in community health service centers was 18.94 (95%CI=15.73-22.15, P<0.05) higher than that of independent community health service stations, and the comprehensive capacity of the prevention and health care department was 6.50 (95%CI=4.00-9.01, P<0.05) higher than those without, the institution of infectious disease prevention and control with P2 laboratories was 2.59 (95%CI=0.62-4.55, P<0.05) higher than those without, and the capacity for infectious disease prevention and control of institutions with a larger number of on-the-job staff was increased by 0.05 (95%CI=0.03-0.07, P<0.05) .

Conclusion

During the period of COVID-19 disease, the prevention and control capacity of the community health service institutions in Beijing has been improved year by year, mainly influenced by factors such as the type of institutions, the setting of prevention and health care departments, the setting of P2 laboratories and the actual number of people on duty. It is suggested to invest continuously, rationally allocate resources, strengthen personnel training, and establish a sound working mechanism.

Key words: Communicable disease control, Capacity building, Community health centers, Root cause analysis

摘要:

背景

社区卫生服务机构是传染病防控体系的网底,对城市疫情防控至关重要。经过新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情防控,北京市社区卫生服务机构传染病防控能力有所提升,但缺乏评估,未来改进的方向尚不明确。

目的

评估北京市社区卫生服务机构传染病防控能力在COVID-19疫情防控期间的变化,分析其影响因素,提出改进措施建议,为进一步提升基层传染病防控能力提供科学依据。

方法

2019—2022年,分别对北京市愿意配合调查的334、354、405、405家社区卫生服务中心和独立社区卫生服务站开展问卷调查。采用定量打分方法,从发热筛查哨点设置情况(20分)、常见传染病病原检测能力(30分)、传染病和突发公共卫生事件应急能力(50分)3个方面测量各机构的传染病防控能力。采用线性混合模型比较社区卫生服务机构2019—2022年传染病防控能力变化情况,并分析影响传染病防控能力的因素。

结果

2019—2022年,社区卫生服务机构的中位传染病防控能力得分分别为50(43,60)、63(43,70)、70(50,80)、70(50,80)分,不同年份间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。线性混合模型分析结果显示,机构类别、是否设置预防保健科、是否具备P2实验室、实际在岗人数是社区卫生服务机构传染病防控能力的影响因素(P<0.05)。社区卫生服务中心的传染病防控能力高于独立社区卫生服务站[b(95%CI)=18.94(15.73~22.15),P<0.05],设置预防保健科机构的传染病防控能力高于未设置的机构[b(95%CI)=6.50(4.00~9.01),P<0.05],具备P2实验室机构的传染病防控能力高于不具备的机构[b(95%CI)=2.59(0.62~4.55),P<0.05],实际在岗人数多的机构传染病防控能力更高[b(95%CI)=0.05(0.03~0.07),P<0.05]。

结论

COVID-19疫情防控期间,北京市社区卫生服务机构传染病防控能力逐年提升,主要受机构类别、预防保健科设置、P2实验室设置及实际在岗人数等因素影响,建议持续投入并合理配置资源,加强人员培训,建立健全工作机制。

关键词: 传染病控制, 能力建设, 社区卫生中心, 影响因素分析