The cognitive function of older people relocated for poverty alleviation varies. It is of great significance to focus on the cognitive function of older adults relocated for poverty alleviation and identify the influencing factors, thus improving their cognitive function.

To illustrate the cognitive function of older adults relocated for poverty alleviation in Shanxi Province, and to identify the influencing factors, thus providing a scientific basis for developing targeted intervention strategies.

A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to survey the relocated older people in 24 resettlement sites of 8 counties in Taiyuan, Xinzhou, Lyuliang and Linfen of Shanxi Province from June to August 2023. A total of 1 882 questionnaires were collected. The cognitive function of the relocated older adults was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-mental State Examination (CMMSE). Based on the education level, older adults with primary school or below and CMMSE above 22 points, and those with secondary school/technical secondary school or above and CMMSE above 26 points were considered without cognitive impairment. The hierarchical linear regression model and multivariate Logistic regression analysis model were used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive impairment from four dimensions, including social demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, health status, and society and environment.

A total of 1 848 older adults relocated for poverty alleviation in Shanxi Province were recruited, with the CMMSE score of (24.40±5.84) points. Hierarchical linear regression indicated that age (B=-2.355), education level (primary school and below: B=-2.189), marital status (B=-0.987), physical exercise (B=-0.792), body mass index (BMI, overweight: B=1.034), activity of daily living (ADL, B=0.900), depression (B=-0.089), and social capital (B=0.125) were influencing factors of cognitive function of relocated older adults of Shanxi Province (P<0.05). There were 428 (23.2%) relocated older adults with cognitive impairment. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that age (OR=1.894, 95%CI=1.398-2.566), individual monthly income (≤500 yuan: OR=0.598, 95%CI=0.380-0.943), marital status (OR=1.507, 95%CI=1.078-2.106), physical exercise (OR=1.673, 95%CI=1.276-2.193), BMI (overweight: OR=0.543, 95%CI=0.368-0.804), ADL (OR=0.805, 95%CI=0.823-0.895), and social capital (OR=0.958, 95%CI=0.934-0.983) were influencing factors of cognitive impairment of relocated older adults of Shanxi Province (P<0.05) .

The detection rate of cognitive impairment in older adults relocated for poverty alleviation in Shanxi Province is 23.2%. Age, education level, marital status, physical exercise, ADL, depression, BMI and social capital are important factors affecting the cognitive function of the relocated older adults in Shanxi Province. More effective interventions targeted at these factors should be taken to prevent cognitive decline among them.

易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能与其他老年群体相比可能存在一定差异，聚焦易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能，明确其影响因素，对于改善易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能具有重要意义。

探讨山西省易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能情况，并分析其影响因素，为制订针对性的干预方案提供科学依据。

2023年6—8月，采用多阶段分层抽样对山西省4个市（太原、忻州、吕梁、临汾）8个县24个易地扶贫搬迁安置点进行入户调查，共回收问卷1 882份。采用中文版简易精神状态筛查量表（CMMSE）对受访老年人认知功能状况进行评估，根据受教育程度，小学及以下组>22分为无认知障碍；初中/中专及以上组>26分为无认知障碍。采用分层多元线性回归模型和多因素Logistic回归分析模型从社会人口学特征、健康相关行为、健康状况和社会与环境4个维度分析探究易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能的影响因素。

最终纳入1 848名山西省易地扶贫搬迁老年人为研究对象，CMMSE得分为（24.40±5.84）分。分层多元线性回归模型最终结果显示，年龄（B=-2.355）、受教育水平（小学及以下：B=-2.189）、婚姻状况（B=-0.987）、躯体锻炼（B=-0.792）、BMI（超重：B=1.034）、日常活动能力得分（B=0.900）、抑郁状况得分（B=-0.089）、社会资本得分（B=0.125）是山西省易地扶贫搬迁老年人CMMSE得分的影响因素（P<0.05）。山西省易地扶贫搬迁老年人中患认知功能障碍428例，认知功能障碍检出率为23.2%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄（OR=1.894，95%CI=1.398~2.566）、个人月收入（≤500元：OR=0.598，95%CI=0.380~0.943）、婚姻状况（OR=1.507，95%CI=1.078~2.106）、躯体锻炼（OR=1.673，95%CI=1.276~2.193）、BMI（超重：OR=0.543，95%CI=0.368~0.804）、日常活动能力得分（OR=0.805，95%CI=0.823~0.895）、社会资本得分（OR=0.958，95%CI=0.934~0.983）是山西省易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能障碍的影响因素（P<0.05）。

山西省易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能障碍检出率为23.2%，年龄、受教育水平、婚姻状况、躯体锻炼、日常活动能力、抑郁状况、BMI、社会资本是山西省易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能的重要影响因素，应采取有效措施加强对这些关键因素的管理，预防易地扶贫搬迁老年人认知功能衰退。