The transition stage from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is referred to as acute kidney disease (AKD). Currently, there are relatively few studies on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in the progression of AKI to AKD in children.

To explore the intervention effect and impact on prognosis of Modified Shengjiang Powder on AKI and AKD in children.

A total of 136 children with AKI admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University from June 2017 to June 2022 were selected and divided into the treatment group (65 cases) and the control group (71 cases) by random number method. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine, while the children in the treatment group were treated with oral Modified Shengjiang Powder decoction in addition to Western medicine. Laboratory examination indicators were collected from the children at 7 days and 14 days after treatment, and the TCM syndrome score was evaluated at 14 days after treatment. The AKI children were re-evaluated after 7 days of treatment. The children were followed up for 3 to 60 months after treatment. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for AKI children progressing to AKD and the risk factors for AKD children progressing to CKD stage 3. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve of the cumulative survival rate of the children, and the Log-rank test was used for survival curve comparison.

A total of 136 AKI children were included, including 81 boys and 55 girls, with an average age of (12.6±4.5) years. After 7 days of treatment, a total of 67 children progressed to AKD, among which 26 children in the treatment group and 41 children in the control group progressed to AKD. According to the previous AKI grouping and treatment results, the AKD children were divided into the AKD treatment sub-group (26 cases) and the AKD control sub-group (41 cases) again. After treatment, the levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) enzyme, urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), TCM syndrome score, and the proportion of CKD stage 3 in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, while the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the proportion of complete recovery of AKI were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 14 days of treatment for AKD children, the levels of Scr, urinary NAG enzyme, urinary NGAL, the proportion of CKD stage 3, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the AKD treatment sub-group were lower than those in the AKD control sub-group (P<0.05). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that urinary NAG enzyme≥9.7 U·g^-1·Cr^-1 was a risk factor for AKI children progressing to AKD (HR=2.724, 95%CI=1.886-4.519, P=0.007), and traditional Chinese medicine treatment was a protective factor for AKI children progressing to AKD (HR=0.482, 95%CI=0.319-0.843, P=0.008) ; stage 3 of AKD was a risk factor for AKD children progressing to CKD stage 3 (HR=2.865, 95%CI=2.213-3.619, P=0.011), and traditional Chinese medicine treatment was a protective factor for AKD children progressing to CKD stage 3 (HR=0.665, 95%CI=0.422-0.953, P=0.040). At the end of the treatment course, the risk of progression to AKD in the AKI treatment group was lower than that in the AKI control group (χ²=5.343, P=0.021) ; at 90 days of follow-up, the risk of progression to CKD stage 3 in the AKI treatment group was lower than that in the AKI control group (χ²=4.623, P=0.032), and the risk of progression to CKD stage 3 in the AKD treatment group was lower than that in the AKD control group (χ²=7.409, P=0.006) ; at the end of the follow-up, the renal survival rate in the AKD treatment group was higher than that in the AKD control group (χ²=8.133, P=0.004) .

MLD can delay the progression of AKI and AKD, protect renal function and improve prognosis.

急性肾损伤（AKI）至慢性肾脏病（CKD）的过渡阶段称为急性肾脏病（AKD），目前中医药干预儿童AKI进展为AKD的研究相对较少。

探究加味升降散治疗儿童AKI和AKD的效果及对预后的影响。

选择2017年6月—2022年6月南京大学医学院附属金陵医院儿科收治的136例AKI患儿，按照随机数字法分为治疗组65例，对照组71例。对照组采用常规西医治疗，治疗组患儿在西医治疗的基础上联合加味升降散汤剂口服治疗。患儿分别在治疗7 d和14 d后，收集实验室检查指标，治疗14 d评价中医证候评分。AKI患儿治疗7 d后，重新评估病情。治疗3~60个月后对患儿门诊随访。采用单因素、多因素Cox回归分析探究AKI患儿进展为AKD的危险因素以及AKD患儿进展为CKD 3期的危险因素。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制患儿累积生存率的生存曲线，生存曲线比较采用Log-rank检验。

共纳入AKI患儿136例，男81例，女55例，年龄1~17岁，平均年龄（12.6±4.5）岁。治疗7 d后共67例患儿进展为AKD，其中治疗组患儿26例进展为AKD，对照组患儿41例进展为AKD。根据前期AKI分组和治疗结果，将AKD患儿再次分为AKD治疗亚组（26例）和AKD对照亚组（41例）。治疗组治疗后血肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、尿酸（UA）、尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷（NAG）酶、尿视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）、尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）、中医证候评分、CKD 3期比例低于对照组，估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、AKI完全恢复比例高于对照组（P<0.05）。AKD患儿治疗14 d后，AKD治疗亚组Scr、尿NAG酶、尿NGAL、CKD 3期、终末期肾脏病（ESRD）比例低于AKD对照亚组（P<0.05）。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示，尿NAG酶≥9.7 U·g^-1·Cr^-1是AKI患儿进展为AKD的危险因素（HR=2.724，95%CI=1.886~4.519，P=0.007），中药治疗是AKI患儿进展为AKD的保护因素（HR=0.482，95%CI=0.319~0.843，P=0.008）；AKD 3期是AKD患儿进展为CKD 3期的危险因素（HR=2.865，95%CI=2.213~3.619，P=0.011），中药治疗是AKD患儿进展为CKD 3期的保护因素（HR=0.665，95%CI=0.422~0.953，P=0.040）。疗程结束后，AKI治疗组进展为AKD的风险低于AKI对照组（χ²=5.343，P=0.021）；随访90 d，AKI治疗组进展为CKD 3期的风险低于AKI对照组（χ²=4.623，P=0.032），AKD治疗亚组进展为CKD 3期的风险低于AKD对照亚组（χ²=7.409，P=0.006）；随访结束后，AKD治疗亚组肾脏生存率高于AKD对照亚组（χ²=8.133，P=0.004）。

加味升降散可延缓AKI和AKD的疾病进程，保护肾脏功能，改善短期及远期预后。