After years of practice, the service of general practitioners (GP) has achieved certain results in the health management of key groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, children, and patients with chronic disease. However, the services of "functional community" groups represented by young and middle-aged working people still needs to be improved.

Based on the role theory, this study conducts a qualitative research on the role expectations of GP in functional communities from the perspectives of GP and residents. The aim is to enhance the role image and function of GP and better meet the service demand.

From September to November 2023, a semi-structured interview was conducted among 8 GPs and 16 residents of 4 community health service centers in Jiading District, Shanghai, with the method of snowball sampling combined, and a directional content analysis was conducted on the interview results.

Taking the four important contents of "quality expectation, image expectation, obligation expectation and behavior expectation" in the role expectation theory as the theme, it extracts the 14 sub-themes of clinical ability, work quality, culture, science and education, medical ethics, communication efficiency, work spirit, emotional expectation, treatment service, consultation service, consultation coordination, cost control obligation, service effectiveness, service accessibility and service standardization. It is found that both parties have the same expectation on medical ethics, good communication, life-saving, effective service and standard service, but have different expectations on cost control obligations, and other expectations are different.

The expectation of consistency between the supply and demand sides stems from the traditional ideal image of general practitioners, and the expectation of difference between the supply and demand sides stems from the misperception of the role and function of family doctors on both sides. The strategy to solve the contradiction between the misperception of family doctors in functional communities and the actual service of family doctors in reality is proposed.

经过多年实践，家庭医生服务对老年人、孕产妇、儿童、慢性病患者等重点人群健康管理取得一定成效，但对以青壮年在职人群为代表的功能社区人群的服务模式仍有待完善。

以角色理论为框架，从家庭医生以及服务对象供需双方视角对家庭医生的角色期望展开质性研究，旨在帮助完善家庭医生角色形象与功能，满足服务需求。

2023年9—11月，采用滚雪球抽样方式，对上海市嘉定区4家已开展功能社区家庭医生服务的社区卫生服务中心的8名家庭医生与16名签约居民开展半结构式访谈，对访谈结果进行定向内容分析。

将角色期望理论中"素质期望、形象期望、义务期望、行为期望"4个重要内容作为主题，提炼出临床能力、工作素质、文化科教、医德医风、沟通效率、工作精神、情感期望、治疗服务、咨询服务、咨询协调、控费义务、服务有效、服务可及、服务规范14个副主题，发现供需双方对医德医风、沟通良好、救死扶伤、服务有效、服务规范方面期望一致，对控费义务方面期望不一致，其他期望各有异同。

供需双方一致性期望源自传统理想全科医生形象，供需双方差异性期望源自双方对家庭医生角色功能认知错位，并提出了解决功能社区人群对家庭医生的认知错位与现实中家庭医生实际服务间矛盾的策略。