Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, its close correlation with metabolic disorders has been demonstrated in numerous studies in recent years and an expert panel has proposed renaming it metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). NAFLD/MAFLD may not only increase the incidence and mortality of liver-related diseases but also relate to the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This article compares the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD/MAFLD and reviews the research progress in the correlation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease with cardiovascular diseases. The results show that both NAFLD/MAFLD are significantly associated with the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases and independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, MAFLD patients have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than NAFLD patients. This article provides clinical physicians with the basis for cardiovascular risk assessment and management in NAFLD/MAFLD patients, emphasizing that in addition to the treatment of liver disease, clinical physicians should also focus on the risk of cardiovascular disease in NAFLD/MAFLD patients.

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是目前全球最常见的慢性肝病，近年来大量研究证明其与代谢障碍密切相关，专家小组提出将其更名为代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）。NAFLD/MAFLD不仅可能导致肝脏相关疾病的发病率和死亡率增加，也与心血管疾病的发病和死亡相关。本文对NAFLD/MAFLD的诊断标准进行比较，并总结了NAFLD/MAFLD与心血管疾病的关联性研究进展。结果表明，NAFLD/MAFLD与心血管疾病发病率增加均存在显著相关性，是心血管疾病的影响因素，且MAFLD患者心血管疾病发病风险高于NAFLD患者。本文为临床医生提供了对NAFLD/MAFLD患者进行心血管疾病风险评估和管理的依据，提示临床医生在处理NAFLD/MAFLD患者时，除了关注肝脏疾病的治疗外，还应重视患心血管疾病的风险。