The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is growing in a rapidly increased number of older adults (≥60 years) , which, together with older age, produces an impact on nutritional status of the HF cases. But there are relatively few studies on the impact of nutritional status on the prognosis in elderly patients with chronic HF.

To investigate the association of nutritional status with prognosis in elderly patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and coronary heart disease.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Inpatients with HFpEF and coronary heart disease (≥60 years old, NYHA gradeⅡ-Ⅳ) treated in Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University between 2017 and 2019 were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. HF-related readmission and all-cause mortality within one year after discharge were followed up. Nutritional status was evaluated by controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) . Patients were divided into non-malnutrition group (CONUT score 0-1, n=42) , low malnutrition risk group (CONUT score 2-4, n=181) and medium-high malnutrition risk group (CONUT score 5-12, n=156) . The differences in clinical data and prognosis among the three groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the influencing factors of readmission due to HF and all-cause mortality within one year after discharge. ROC analysis was used to analyze the prognostic value of CONUT score, GNRI and PNI for readmission due to HF and all-cause mortality within 1 year after discharge.

Age, proportion of elderly patients, sex, BMI, bed rest, length of hospital stay, NYHA grade, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, albumin, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) , all-cause death within 1 year were compared among the three groups, and there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) ; among them, age, proportion of elderly patients, bed rest, length of hospital stay, NYHA grade, old myocardial infarction, urea nitrogen, creatinine, BNP, and all-cause death within 1 year in the no-malnutrition risk group and the low-malnutrition risk group were significantly lower than those in the medium-high malnutrition risk group (P<0.05) , and BMI, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, total protein, albumin, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher than those in the medium-high malnutrition risk group (P<0.05) . Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, bed rest, length of stay, NYHA grade, hemoglobin, albumin, BNP, left ventricular ejection fraction, CONUT score, GNRI and PNI are the influencing factors of readmission due to HF and all-cause death within 1 year (P<0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CONUT score〔OR=1.567, 95%CI (1.302, 1.885) , P<0.05〕 is an influence factor of all-cause death within 1 year (P<0.05) . ROC analysis estimating the performance in predicting all-cause mortality within one year after discharge showed that the AUC of CONUT score was 0.780〔95%CI (0.714, 0.845) 〕 with 0.723 sensitivity and 0.722 specificity when the optimal cut-off value was determined as 7.5, the AUC of GNRI was 0.695〔95%CI (0.604, 0.786) 〕with 0.532 sensitivity and 0.833 specificity when the optimal cut-off value was determined as 89, and the AUC of PNI was 0.722〔95%CI (0.643, 0.800) 〕 with 0.723 sensitivity and 0.654 specificity when the optimal cut-off value was determined as 41.

CONUT score can be used as the preferred nutritional evaluation tool for mortality risk assessment in elderly patients with HFpEF and coronary heart disease, and nutritional intervention may become one of the therapeutic targets for reducing mortality in the future.

随着人口老龄化加剧，≥60岁的老年心力衰竭（HF）患者逐年增加，营养状况与老年患者健康状况息息相关，但有关老年HF患者营养状况对预后影响的研究较少。

探讨合并冠心病的老年射血分数保留心力衰竭（HFpEF）患者的营养状态与预后的关系。

采用回顾性队列研究，选取2017—2019年于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院西区老年医学科住院的老年HFpEFⅡ~Ⅳ级合并冠心病患者379例，收集患者病例资料、实验室检查结果，随访患者出院1年内因HF再入院和HF全因死亡情况。以营养控制状态（CONUT）评分、老年人营养风险指数（GNRI）和预后营养指数（PNI）评估患者营养状态。将患者分为无营养不良风险组（CONUT评分0~1分，n=42）、低营养不良风险组（CONUT评分2~4分，n=181）、中高营养不良风险组（CONUT评分5~12分，n=156），比较三组间临床资料和预后的差异。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨患者1年内因HF再入院和1年内HF全因死亡的影响因素，采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）分析CONUT评分、GNRI、PNI对患者1年内因HF再入院和1年内HF全因死亡的预后价值。

三组年龄、高龄患者比例、性别、体质指数（BMI）、卧床、住院时间、NYHA分级、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞、尿素氮、肌酐、总蛋白、血清白蛋白、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、B型脑钠肽（BNP）、1年内HF全因死亡比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；其中无营养不良风险组、低营养不良风险组年龄、高龄患者比例、卧床、住院时间、NYHA分级、陈旧性心肌梗死、尿素氮、肌酐、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、BNP、1年内HF全因死亡均低于中高营养不良风险组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），BMI、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞、总蛋白、血清白蛋白、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均高于中高营养不良风险组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄、卧床、住院时间、NYHA分级、血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、BNP、左心室射血分数、CONUT评分、GNRI和PNI是患者1年内因HF再入院及全因死亡的影响因素（P<0.05）；多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，CONUT评分〔OR=1.567，95%CI（1.302，1.885），P<0.05〕是患者1年内HF全因死亡的影响因素（P<0.05）。CONUT评分、GNRI、PNI预测患者1年内HF全因死亡的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.780〔95%CI（0.714，0.845）〕、0.695〔95%CI（0.604，0.786）〕、0.722〔95%CI（0.643，0.800）〕；最佳截断值分别为7.5分，89分，41分；灵敏度分别为0.723、0.532、0.723；特异度分别为0.722、0.833、0.654。

CONUT评分可作为合并冠心病的老年HFpEF患者死亡风险评估的首选营养评估工具，未来营养干预可能成为降低死亡率的治疗靶点之一。