Abstract:

The prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing in Chinese residents due to ever-deepening influence of associated risks caused by socioeconomic factors (such as the acceleration of population aging and urbanization) and lifestyle changes (such as recently emerged unhealthy lifestyle factors) . In 2019, CVD-related death accounted for 46.74% and 44.26% of all deaths occurring in China's rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that about 330 million individuals suffer from CVD in China, among whom the number of those suffering from stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, lower extremity artery disease and hypertension is 13 million, 11.39 million, 8.9 million, 5 million, 4.87 million, 2.5 million, 2 million, 45.3 million and 245 million, respectively. In 2019, the total hospitalization costs were 313.366 billion yuan for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The burden of CVD is continually increasing, especially in rural areas. The mortality of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease consistently exceeded the urban level in recent years due to unequal allocation of healthcare resources, low awareness of such diseases and poor compliance to the treatment. In the meantime, great progresses have been made in CVD prevention and control, such as decreased smoking prevalence, improved hypertension control rate, significantly improved clinical diagnosis, treatment and basic research, and enhanced community-based containment of CVD. Moreover, relevant rehabilitation has been increasingly valued, and the research and development of medical devices are in a rapid stage of progress.

Key words: Cardiovascular disease, Epidemiology, Health influencing factors, Risk factors, Prevalence, Mortality, Community-based prevention and control, Rehabilitation, Basic research, Medical device development, Fees, medical

摘要：

随着社会经济的发展，国民生活方式的变化，尤其是人口老龄化及城镇化进程的加速，居民不健康生活方式问题日益突出，心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素对居民健康的影响更加显著，CVD患病率和发病率仍在持续增高。2019年农村和城市CVD死亡人数分别占总死亡人数的46.74%和44.26%，每5例死亡者中就有2例死于CVD。推算中国CVD现患人数为3.3亿，其中脑卒中1 300万，冠心病1 139万，心力衰竭890万，肺源性心脏病500万，心房颤动487万，风湿性心脏病250万，先天性心脏病200万，下肢动脉疾病4 530万，高血压2.45亿。2019年中国心脑血管疾病的住院总费用为3 133.66亿元。CVD负担持续加重，特别是农村地区。由于医疗资源配置的不平衡、对疾病的认识较低及治疗的顺从性较差等原因，近几年农村地区冠心病和脑血管病的死亡率持续超过城市地区。同时也应看到，中国在CVD的防控方面也在不断进步，吸烟率下降，高血压控制率不断上升，临床诊疗水平和基础研究也有大幅进步，社区防治工作取得了一定成果，疾病后的康复工作愈发受到重视，医疗器械研发处于高速发展阶段。

关键词: 心血管疾病, 流行病学, 健康影响因素, 危险因素, 患病率, 死亡率, 社区防治, 康复, 基础研究, 器械研发, 费用, 医疗