At present, there are a variety of mechanical ventilation mode of breathing for premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) , but the application of these techniques in Tibetan Plateau are limited because of the low air pressure and oxygen content and etc. The NRDS initial breathing support measures can only be performed with INSURE technique (tracheal intubation—injection of pulmonary surfactant—nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation after extubation) and invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) . It is currently unclear what factors influence the selection of the NRDS initial breathing support therapy in premature infants in Tibetan Plateau.

To explore the factors in selection of supporting NRDS initial breathing strategies in high altitude area and evaluate the early clinical outcomes of different supporting strategies.

The clinical data of 183 premature infants diagnosed with NRDS and their mother's general data in Paediatri neonatal ward of Lhasa People's Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the accepted initial respiratory support mode, they were divided into INSURE group (n=122) and MV group (n=61) . Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was used to explore influencing factors in selection of NRDS initial breathing support treatment.

The gestational age, birth weight, 1 min, 5 min and 10 min Apgar scores in MV group were lower than those in INSURE group and the proportion of prenatal application of glucocorticoids was higher than that in INSURE group (P<0.05) . The difference was statistically significant after comparing the composition of premature infants of different gestational ages between INSURE group and MV group (P<0.05) . The difference was statistically significant as well after comparing the composition of NRDS 5 min Apgar score between INSURE group and MV group (P<0.05) . The mortality and incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage in MV group were higher than those in INSURE group (P<0.05) . Among the surviving infants, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in MV group was higher than that in INSURE group〔43.2% (16/37) vs 16.1% (18/112) 〕 (P<0.05) . Multifactoral Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age, Apgar score at 5 minutes after birth and whether to use prenatal glucocorticoid were influencing factors in selecting MV for premature infants with NRDS (P<0.05) .

In Tibet Plateau, the gestational age at birth, Apgar at 5 minutes after birth and whether to use glucocorticoids before delivery are closely related in the selection of the NRDS initial breathing support strategy.

目前呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）早产儿的治疗有多种辅助呼吸模式，而西藏高原地区条件有限，且气压、氧含量低，NRDS早产儿初始呼吸支持策略只能应用气管插管-注入肺表面活性物质-拔管后经鼻持续正压通气（INSURE技术）和机械通气（MV），西藏高原地区NRDS早产儿初始呼吸支持策略受哪些因素影响尚不清楚。

探讨高海拔地区NRDS初始呼吸支持策略的影响因素及不同支持策略的早期临床结局。

回顾性分析2018年6月至2020年6月在拉萨市人民医院儿科新生儿病房住院确诊为NRDS的183例早产儿的临床资料及其母亲的一般资料。按照接受的初始呼吸支持策略分为INSURE组（n=122）和MV组（n=61）。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨NRDS应用MV的影响因素。

MV组NRDS早产儿胎龄，出生体质量，生后1 min、5 min、10 min Apgar评分均低于INSURE组，母亲产前糖皮质激素治疗比例高于INSURE组（P<0.05）。INSURE组和MV组NRDS早产儿不同胎龄构成比比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；INSURE组和MV组NRDS早产儿5 min Apgar评分构成比比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。MV组死亡率、肺出血发病率均高于INSUR组（P<0.05）。存活患儿MV组支气管肺发育不良（BPD）发病率为43.2%（16/37）高于INSURE组的16.1%（18/112）（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，胎龄、生后5 min Apgar评分、母亲产前应用糖皮质激素治疗是NRDS早产儿应用MV的影响因素（P<0.05）。

在西藏高原地区，出生胎龄、生后5 min Apgar评分、产前是否应用糖皮质激素与NRDS早产儿初始呼吸支持策略密切相关。