
Chinese General Practice ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (28): 3562-3568.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0076
• Original Research·Community-based Pharmaceutical Care • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2022-02-08
Revised:2022-05-26
Published:2022-10-05
Online:2022-08-11
Contact:
Gang CHEN
About author:
通讯作者:
陈刚
作者简介:基金资助:
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0076
| 基本情况 | 中心城区(n=64) | 近郊区(n=107) | 远郊区(n=64) | χ2(H)值 | P值 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 1.897 | 0.387 | ||||
| 男 | 17(26.6) | 19(17.8) | 13(20.3) | |||
| 女 | 47(73.4) | 88(82.2) | 51(79.7) | |||
| 年龄(岁) | 1.799a | 0.407 | ||||
| 20~29 | 7(10.9) | 23(21.5) | 15(23.4) | |||
| 30~39 | 43(67.2) | 63(58.9) | 31(48.4) | |||
| 40~49 | 9(14.1) | 17(15.9) | 14(21.9) | |||
| 50~59 | 5(7.8) | 4(3.7) | 4(6.3) | |||
| 学历 | 0.601 | 0.741 | ||||
| 中专及以下 | 0 | 2(1.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 大专 | 13(20.3) | 25(23.4) | 15(23.4) | |||
| 本科 | 51(79.7) | 79(73.8) | 47(73.4) | |||
| 硕士及以上 | 0 | 1(0.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 专业 | 5.134 | 0.077 | ||||
| 药学 | 57(89.1) | 87(81.3) | 47(73.4) | |||
| 临床药学 | 0 | 1(0.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 中药学 | 4(6.3) | 12(11.2) | 8(12.5) | |||
| 药事管理 | 2(3.1) | 1(0.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 药物制剂 | 0 | 0 | 6(9.4) | |||
| 药物分析 | 0 | 2(1.9) | 0 | |||
| 其他 | 1(1.6) | 4(3.7) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 职称 | 1.964a | 0.375 | ||||
| 药士(初) | 5(7.8) | 16(15.0) | 11(17.2) | |||
| 药师(初) | 30(46.9) | 51(47.7) | 22(34.4) | |||
| 主管药师(中) | 27(42.2) | 39(36.4) | 26(40.6) | |||
| 副主任药师(高) | 2(3.1) | 1(0.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 其他 | 0 | 0 | 4(6.3) | |||
| 工作年限(年) | 0.868a | 0.648 | ||||
| 1~5 | 4(6.3) | 16(15.0) | 11(17.2) | |||
| 6~10 | 17(26.6) | 25(23.4) | 18(28.1) | |||
| 11~19 | 33(51.6) | 49(45.8) | 20(31.3) | |||
| ≥20 | 10(15.6) | 17(15.9) | 15(23.4) | |||
| 临床药师资格 | 0.270 | 0.874 | ||||
| 有 | 17(26.6) | 28(26.2) | 19(29.7) | |||
| 无 | 47(73.4) | 79(73.8) | 45(70.3) | |||
Table 1 Comparison of basic information of community pharmacists in central urban areas,suburban areas and outer suburbs of Shanghai
| 基本情况 | 中心城区(n=64) | 近郊区(n=107) | 远郊区(n=64) | χ2(H)值 | P值 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别 | 1.897 | 0.387 | ||||
| 男 | 17(26.6) | 19(17.8) | 13(20.3) | |||
| 女 | 47(73.4) | 88(82.2) | 51(79.7) | |||
| 年龄(岁) | 1.799a | 0.407 | ||||
| 20~29 | 7(10.9) | 23(21.5) | 15(23.4) | |||
| 30~39 | 43(67.2) | 63(58.9) | 31(48.4) | |||
| 40~49 | 9(14.1) | 17(15.9) | 14(21.9) | |||
| 50~59 | 5(7.8) | 4(3.7) | 4(6.3) | |||
| 学历 | 0.601 | 0.741 | ||||
| 中专及以下 | 0 | 2(1.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 大专 | 13(20.3) | 25(23.4) | 15(23.4) | |||
| 本科 | 51(79.7) | 79(73.8) | 47(73.4) | |||
| 硕士及以上 | 0 | 1(0.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 专业 | 5.134 | 0.077 | ||||
| 药学 | 57(89.1) | 87(81.3) | 47(73.4) | |||
| 临床药学 | 0 | 1(0.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 中药学 | 4(6.3) | 12(11.2) | 8(12.5) | |||
| 药事管理 | 2(3.1) | 1(0.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 药物制剂 | 0 | 0 | 6(9.4) | |||
| 药物分析 | 0 | 2(1.9) | 0 | |||
| 其他 | 1(1.6) | 4(3.7) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 职称 | 1.964a | 0.375 | ||||
| 药士(初) | 5(7.8) | 16(15.0) | 11(17.2) | |||
| 药师(初) | 30(46.9) | 51(47.7) | 22(34.4) | |||
| 主管药师(中) | 27(42.2) | 39(36.4) | 26(40.6) | |||
| 副主任药师(高) | 2(3.1) | 1(0.9) | 1(1.6) | |||
| 其他 | 0 | 0 | 4(6.3) | |||
| 工作年限(年) | 0.868a | 0.648 | ||||
| 1~5 | 4(6.3) | 16(15.0) | 11(17.2) | |||
| 6~10 | 17(26.6) | 25(23.4) | 18(28.1) | |||
| 11~19 | 33(51.6) | 49(45.8) | 20(31.3) | |||
| ≥20 | 10(15.6) | 17(15.9) | 15(23.4) | |||
| 临床药师资格 | 0.270 | 0.874 | ||||
| 有 | 17(26.6) | 28(26.2) | 19(29.7) | |||
| 无 | 47(73.4) | 79(73.8) | 45(70.3) | |||
| 服务项目 | 中心城区(n=64) | 近郊区(n=107) | 远郊区(n=64) | 合计 | χ2值 | P值 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 开展例数〔n(%)〕 | 选项平均综合得分(分) | 开展例数〔n(%)〕 | 选项平均综合得分(分) | 开展例数〔n(%)〕 | 选项平均综合得分(分) | 开展例数〔n(%)〕 | 选项平均综合得分(分) | |||
| 处方调剂 | 61(95.3) | 11.27 | 102(95.3) | 11.32 | 58(90.6) | 10.67 | 221(94.0) | 11.13 | 1.750a | 0.464 |
| 处方审核 | 53(82.8) | 9.19 | 92(86.0) | 9.40 | 49(76.6) | 8.34 | 194(82.6) | 9.06 | 2.471 | 0.291 |
| 药学窗口或门诊咨询指导 | 46(71.9) | 6.36 | 70(65.4) | 5.68 | 35(54.7) | 4.83 | 151(64.3) | 5.63 | 4.232 | 0.121 |
| 处方点评 | 38(59.4) | 5.88 | 52(48.6) | 4.90 | 32(50.0) | 5.00 | 122(51.9) | 5.19 | 1.992 | 0.369 |
| 不良反应报告 | 30(46.9) | 3.80 | 46(43.0) | 3.78 | 24(37.5) | 3.48 | 100(42.6) | 3.70 | 1.166 | 0.558 |
| 合理用药宣教 | 35(54.7) | 3.80 | 52(48.6) | 3.47 | 25(39.1) | 2.91 | 112(47.7) | 3.40 | 3.201 | 0.202 |
| 医务人员药物知识咨询或培训 | 32(50.0) | 3.77 | 42(39.3) | 2.92 | 18(28.1) | 2.08 | 92(39.1) | 2.92 | 6.429 | 0.040 |
| 药物重整 | 11(17.2) | 1.42 | 10(9.3) | 0.87 | 8(12.5) | 1.02 | 29(12.3) | 1.06 | 2.279 | 0.320 |
| 药学查房 | 4(6.3) | 0.45 | 14(13.1) | 1.11 | 11(17.2) | 1.39 | 29(12.3) | 1.01 | 3.639 | 0.162 |
| 出院带药指导 | 12(18.8) | 1.59 | 11(10.3) | 0.71 | 8(12.5) | 0.86 | 31(13.2) | 1.00 | 2.545 | 0.280 |
| 患者用药随访 | 8(12.5) | 0.53 | 13(12.1) | 0.76 | 9(14.1) | 0.72 | 30(12.8) | 0.69 | 0.137 | 0.934 |
| 其他 | 1(1.6) | 0.16 | 1(0.9) | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 2(0.8) | 0.09 | 1.123 | 0.999 |
Table 2 Community pharmaceutical care delivered by community pharmacists in central urban,suburban and outer suburban areas of Shanghai
| 服务项目 | 中心城区(n=64) | 近郊区(n=107) | 远郊区(n=64) | 合计 | χ2值 | P值 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 开展例数〔n(%)〕 | 选项平均综合得分(分) | 开展例数〔n(%)〕 | 选项平均综合得分(分) | 开展例数〔n(%)〕 | 选项平均综合得分(分) | 开展例数〔n(%)〕 | 选项平均综合得分(分) | |||
| 处方调剂 | 61(95.3) | 11.27 | 102(95.3) | 11.32 | 58(90.6) | 10.67 | 221(94.0) | 11.13 | 1.750a | 0.464 |
| 处方审核 | 53(82.8) | 9.19 | 92(86.0) | 9.40 | 49(76.6) | 8.34 | 194(82.6) | 9.06 | 2.471 | 0.291 |
| 药学窗口或门诊咨询指导 | 46(71.9) | 6.36 | 70(65.4) | 5.68 | 35(54.7) | 4.83 | 151(64.3) | 5.63 | 4.232 | 0.121 |
| 处方点评 | 38(59.4) | 5.88 | 52(48.6) | 4.90 | 32(50.0) | 5.00 | 122(51.9) | 5.19 | 1.992 | 0.369 |
| 不良反应报告 | 30(46.9) | 3.80 | 46(43.0) | 3.78 | 24(37.5) | 3.48 | 100(42.6) | 3.70 | 1.166 | 0.558 |
| 合理用药宣教 | 35(54.7) | 3.80 | 52(48.6) | 3.47 | 25(39.1) | 2.91 | 112(47.7) | 3.40 | 3.201 | 0.202 |
| 医务人员药物知识咨询或培训 | 32(50.0) | 3.77 | 42(39.3) | 2.92 | 18(28.1) | 2.08 | 92(39.1) | 2.92 | 6.429 | 0.040 |
| 药物重整 | 11(17.2) | 1.42 | 10(9.3) | 0.87 | 8(12.5) | 1.02 | 29(12.3) | 1.06 | 2.279 | 0.320 |
| 药学查房 | 4(6.3) | 0.45 | 14(13.1) | 1.11 | 11(17.2) | 1.39 | 29(12.3) | 1.01 | 3.639 | 0.162 |
| 出院带药指导 | 12(18.8) | 1.59 | 11(10.3) | 0.71 | 8(12.5) | 0.86 | 31(13.2) | 1.00 | 2.545 | 0.280 |
| 患者用药随访 | 8(12.5) | 0.53 | 13(12.1) | 0.76 | 9(14.1) | 0.72 | 30(12.8) | 0.69 | 0.137 | 0.934 |
| 其他 | 1(1.6) | 0.16 | 1(0.9) | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 2(0.8) | 0.09 | 1.123 | 0.999 |
| 开展方式 | 中心城区(n=64) | 近郊区(n=107) | 远郊区(n=64) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 咨询窗口 | 61(95.3) | 104(97.2) | 61(95.3) | 0.808a | 0.748 |
| 药学门诊 | 31(48.4) | 52(48.6) | 36(56.3) | 1.108 | 0.575 |
| 宣传讲座 | 30(46.9) | 51(47.7) | 28(43.8) | 0.255 | 0.880 |
| 电话咨询 | 29(45.3) | 50(46.7) | 26(40.6) | 0.618 | 0.734 |
| 用药知识手册 | 31(48.4) | 49(45.8) | 23(35.9) | 2.339 | 0.311 |
| 微信公众号 | 23(35.9) | 36(33.6) | 24(37.5) | 0.275 | 0.871 |
| 网络平台 | 14(21.9) | 30(28.0) | 22(34.4) | 2.476 | 0.290 |
| 药学APP软件 | 13(20.3) | 18(16.8) | 14(21.9) | 0.737 | 0.692 |
Table 3 Approaches used to deliver community pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists in central,suburban and outer suburban areas of Shanghai
| 开展方式 | 中心城区(n=64) | 近郊区(n=107) | 远郊区(n=64) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 咨询窗口 | 61(95.3) | 104(97.2) | 61(95.3) | 0.808a | 0.748 |
| 药学门诊 | 31(48.4) | 52(48.6) | 36(56.3) | 1.108 | 0.575 |
| 宣传讲座 | 30(46.9) | 51(47.7) | 28(43.8) | 0.255 | 0.880 |
| 电话咨询 | 29(45.3) | 50(46.7) | 26(40.6) | 0.618 | 0.734 |
| 用药知识手册 | 31(48.4) | 49(45.8) | 23(35.9) | 2.339 | 0.311 |
| 微信公众号 | 23(35.9) | 36(33.6) | 24(37.5) | 0.275 | 0.871 |
| 网络平台 | 14(21.9) | 30(28.0) | 22(34.4) | 2.476 | 0.290 |
| 药学APP软件 | 13(20.3) | 18(16.8) | 14(21.9) | 0.737 | 0.692 |
| 服务项目 | 中心城区(n=16) | 近郊区(n=21) | 远郊区(n=16) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 合理用药宣教 | 16(100.0) | 20(95.2) | 11(68.8) | 7.347a | 0.017 |
| 患者的用药指导与咨询 | 15(93.8) | 17(81.0) | 13(81.3) | 1.424a | 0.627 |
| 用药随访 | 4(25.0) | 10(47.6) | 7(43.8) | 2.105 | 0.347 |
| 为医务人员提供用药咨询 | 7(43.8) | 7(33.3) | 4(25.0) | 1.260 | 0.533 |
| 建立个人用药档案 | 1(6.3) | 6(28.6) | 5(31.3) | 3.696a | 0.187 |
| 为医务人员提供药物知识培训 | 3(18.8) | 6(28.6) | 3(18.8) | 0.693a | 0.770 |
| 药物重整 | 1(6.3) | 2(9.5) | 2(12.5) | 0.550a | 0.999 |
Table 4 Pharmaceutical services provided by community pharmacists participating in the family doctor team in central urban areas,suburban areas and outer suburban areas of Shanghai
| 服务项目 | 中心城区(n=16) | 近郊区(n=21) | 远郊区(n=16) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 合理用药宣教 | 16(100.0) | 20(95.2) | 11(68.8) | 7.347a | 0.017 |
| 患者的用药指导与咨询 | 15(93.8) | 17(81.0) | 13(81.3) | 1.424a | 0.627 |
| 用药随访 | 4(25.0) | 10(47.6) | 7(43.8) | 2.105 | 0.347 |
| 为医务人员提供用药咨询 | 7(43.8) | 7(33.3) | 4(25.0) | 1.260 | 0.533 |
| 建立个人用药档案 | 1(6.3) | 6(28.6) | 5(31.3) | 3.696a | 0.187 |
| 为医务人员提供药物知识培训 | 3(18.8) | 6(28.6) | 3(18.8) | 0.693a | 0.770 |
| 药物重整 | 1(6.3) | 2(9.5) | 2(12.5) | 0.550a | 0.999 |
| 培训情况 | 中心城区(n=54) | 近郊区(n=86) | 远郊区(n=40) | χ2(H)值 | P值 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 培训次数(次) | 1.905a | 0.386 | ||||
| 1~2 | 28(51.9) | 50(58.1) | 27(67.5) | |||
| 3~4 | 16(29.6) | 20(23.3) | 7(17.5) | |||
| 5~6 | 2(3.7) | 6(7.0) | 2(5.0) | |||
| >6 | 8(14.8) | 10(11.6) | 4(10.0) | |||
| 培训方式 | ||||||
| 继续教育课程 | 48(88.9) | 73(84.9) | 34(85.0) | 0.498 | 0.780 | |
| 上级医院结对帮扶 | 26(48.1) | 37(43.0) | 22(55.0) | 1.598 | 0.450 | |
| 自行组织培训 | 25(46.3) | 45(52.3) | 11(27.5) | 6.851 | 0.033 | |
| 进修学习 | 16(29.6) | 28(32.6) | 11(27.5) | 0.360 | 0.835 | |
Table 5 Number and ways of trainings received by community pharmacists in central urban areas,suburban areas and outer suburban areas of Shanghai in the past year
| 培训情况 | 中心城区(n=54) | 近郊区(n=86) | 远郊区(n=40) | χ2(H)值 | P值 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 培训次数(次) | 1.905a | 0.386 | ||||
| 1~2 | 28(51.9) | 50(58.1) | 27(67.5) | |||
| 3~4 | 16(29.6) | 20(23.3) | 7(17.5) | |||
| 5~6 | 2(3.7) | 6(7.0) | 2(5.0) | |||
| >6 | 8(14.8) | 10(11.6) | 4(10.0) | |||
| 培训方式 | ||||||
| 继续教育课程 | 48(88.9) | 73(84.9) | 34(85.0) | 0.498 | 0.780 | |
| 上级医院结对帮扶 | 26(48.1) | 37(43.0) | 22(55.0) | 1.598 | 0.450 | |
| 自行组织培训 | 25(46.3) | 45(52.3) | 11(27.5) | 6.851 | 0.033 | |
| 进修学习 | 16(29.6) | 28(32.6) | 11(27.5) | 0.360 | 0.835 | |
| 存在问题 | 中心城区(n=64) | 近郊区(n=107) | 远郊区(n=64) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (配发药、处方审核等)工作量大 | 43(67.2) | 59(55.1) | 28(43.8) | 7.114 | 0.029 |
| 临床知识缺乏 | 32(50.0) | 61(57.0) | 34(53.1) | 0.822 | 0.663 |
| 患者对药师缺乏信任 | 24(37.5) | 48(44.9) | 29(45.3) | 1.081 | 0.583 |
| 缺乏绩效激励 | 31(48.4) | 46(43.0) | 23(35.9) | 2.061 | 0.357 |
| 机构重视程度不足 | 17(26.6) | 25(23.4) | 21(32.8) | 1.825 | 0.402 |
| 社区临床药学服务流程、服务内容规定不够明确 | 18(28.1) | 26(24.3) | 19(29.7) | 0.670 | 0.715 |
| 相关培训不足 | 11(17.2) | 26(24.3) | 18(28.1) | 2.223 | 0.329 |
| 用药知识不足 | 12(18.8) | 22(20.6) | 17(26.6) | 1.300 | 0.522 |
| 医护人员不理解 | 3(4.7) | 8(7.5) | 3(4.7) | 0.684a | 0.731 |
| 其他 | 1(1.6) | 0 | 0 | 2.322a | 0.545 |
Table 6 Comparison of self-perceived problems in delivering community pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists in central urban areas,suburban areas and outer suburbs of Shanghai
| 存在问题 | 中心城区(n=64) | 近郊区(n=107) | 远郊区(n=64) | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (配发药、处方审核等)工作量大 | 43(67.2) | 59(55.1) | 28(43.8) | 7.114 | 0.029 |
| 临床知识缺乏 | 32(50.0) | 61(57.0) | 34(53.1) | 0.822 | 0.663 |
| 患者对药师缺乏信任 | 24(37.5) | 48(44.9) | 29(45.3) | 1.081 | 0.583 |
| 缺乏绩效激励 | 31(48.4) | 46(43.0) | 23(35.9) | 2.061 | 0.357 |
| 机构重视程度不足 | 17(26.6) | 25(23.4) | 21(32.8) | 1.825 | 0.402 |
| 社区临床药学服务流程、服务内容规定不够明确 | 18(28.1) | 26(24.3) | 19(29.7) | 0.670 | 0.715 |
| 相关培训不足 | 11(17.2) | 26(24.3) | 18(28.1) | 2.223 | 0.329 |
| 用药知识不足 | 12(18.8) | 22(20.6) | 17(26.6) | 1.300 | 0.522 |
| 医护人员不理解 | 3(4.7) | 8(7.5) | 3(4.7) | 0.684a | 0.731 |
| 其他 | 1(1.6) | 0 | 0 | 2.322a | 0.545 |
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