Abstract: Background　As the second leading cause of death in the world，stroke kills 5.5 million people in 2016.It causes heavy burdens to patients，their families and the society.Social support can reduce the anxiety，depression and other psychological pain of patients and their caregivers during rehabilitation，but the level of social support obtained by them is low.At present，there are so many quantitative studies about the social support.However，it is difficult to thoroughly know the experience of patients and caregivers.Objective　To investigate the perceived social support in stroke survivors and their caregivers during the rehabilitation in the community.Methods　 From September to December 2018，by using both purposive and snowball sampling，9 stroke survivor-caregiver dyads were selected from Linshanzhai Community，Zhengzhou City.Semi- structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with them and the results were analyzed with Colaizzi's phenomenological method.Results　 The interview results were classified into three themes:（1） Sources of perceived social support.From the perspective of stoke survivors，their social support came from the major family caregiver and other family members，friends and community healthcare workers.From the perspective of caregivers，their social support came from other family members，friends and neighbors.（2） Types of perceived social support.The types of social support obtained by stoke survivors included information，emotional and tool supports.The caregivers obtained emotional and information supports，and provided emotional and tool supports for stoke survivors.（3） Barriers to obtaining social support.From the perspective of stoke survivors，the barriers consisted of three internal factors（cognitive bias in seeking support，uncomprehended needs and depression），and two external factors（insufficient sources for support and lack of ways to access to support）.From the perspective of caregivers，the barriers consisted of three internal factors（weak awareness of seeking help，insufficient time and strong character），and two external factors（insufficient sources for support and lack of ways to access to support）.Conclusion　 To better promote the rehabilitation of the stroke survivors，healthcare providers in the community should provide continuous，effective and dynamic family-focused social support for stroke survivors and their family caregivers during the rehabilitation based on the evaluation results of their education level，clear needs and perceptions.

Key words: Stroke, Community, Caregivers, Social support, Qualitative research

摘要： 背景　脑卒中已成为全球第二大死因，2016年全球约550万人因脑卒中死亡，给患者自身、家庭及社会带来沉重的负担。社会支持能够有效减轻患者及其照顾者在康复过程中的焦虑、抑郁等心理痛苦，但脑卒中患者及其照顾者获得社会支持的水平不容乐观。目前社会支持的相关研究以量性为主，难以深入了解患者及其照顾者的感知体验。目的　探讨社区脑卒中患者及其照顾者感知社会支持的体验。方法　2018年9—12月采用目的抽样结合滚雪球抽样法，选取郑州市林山寨社区9对脑卒中患者及其照顾者为研究对象进行面对面半结构访谈。采用Colaizzi现象学7步分析法进行资料分析。结果　社区脑卒中患者及其照顾者在康复过程中感知社会支持体验共析出3个主题：社会支持来源、种类和阻碍因素。患者感知的社会支持来源于家庭照顾者、其他家庭成员、朋友和社区医护工作者；照顾者感知的社会支持来源于其他家庭成员、朋友和邻居；患者获得的社会支持种类为信息、情感和工具性支持；照顾者为患者提供的支持为情感和工具性支持，获得的社会支持为情感和信息支持；患者的阻碍因素包括自身因素，即寻求认知偏差、需求不被理解、情绪低落，外部因素，即支持资源不足和途径欠缺；照顾者的阻碍因素包括自身因素，即寻求意识薄弱、时间有限和性格，外部因素，即支持资源不足和途径欠缺。结论　社区医护人员应提供以家庭为中心的社会支持，评估患者及其照顾者的文化背景，明确其需求及认知情况，在脑卒中患者康复过程中提供有针对性的持续、有效、动态的社会支持，以更好地促进患者康复。

关键词: 卒中, 社区, 照顾者, 社会支持, 质性研究