Abstract: Background　Nutrition early in life affects not only the average growth and development of a person in fetal and childhood，but also in their adult and even whole life.Under the background of two-child policy，the newly-born population is increasing，so it is essential to improve the correct cognition of mothers' nutrition knowledge in early life.Objective　To understand the current situation of knowledge of early life nutrition of mothers with children 0-2 years of age in Anhui Province under the comprehensive two-child policy，and to provide scientific basis for targeted health intervention in the future.Methods　From January 2015 to January 2016，a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select mothers with children aged 0-2 years in Hefei，Wuhu，and Fuyang of Anhui Province to conduct a questionnaire survey to understand their knowledge of pregnancy and childbirth nutrition，post children's nutritional needs，primary sources of nutritional knowledge after delivery，and comparison of differences between three regions.Results　Of the 1 050 mothers with children aged 0-2 years，1 019 of them answered all the questions with a effective response rate of 97.0%.The average score of nutrition knowledge during pregnancy was（23.3±7.4），the total pass rate was 40.3%（411/1 019）.There were significant difference in the awareness rates of the normal and reasonable dietary requirements，the reasonable nutritional needs during pregnancy，the folic acid supplement in early pregnancy，the calcium supplementation in mid and late-pregnancy，the appropriate growth range of body weight during pregnancy，and the risk of overweight gain during pregnancy of mothers in three regions（P<0.05）.The average score of children's nutritional needs after childbirth was（21.9±8.8），and the total pass rate was 36.6%（373/1 019）.There were significant differences in the awareness rates of that breastfeeding can provide balanced nutrition，enhance resistance，easy digestion and absorption，and promote mother-child emotions communication，promotion of post-partum recovery，exclusive breastfeeding time，breast milk can be fed to 2 years，increase trace element iron if have anemia in three regions（P<0.05）.The primary sources of nutrition knowledge of children after childbirth were medical workers，QQ/WeChat，and other online platforms and professional books.There was significant difference in the proportion of sources of nutrition knowledge in mothers after delivery in three regions（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The early life nutrition knowledge level of mothers with children 0-2 years of age needs to be further improved.It is suggested to strengthen the publicity of pregnancy nutrition and breast-feeding knowledge，provide postpartum visits for the lying-in women，take targeted measures for different regions，explore new ways of online publicity and education，and set up professional lectures to promote maternal and infant health.

Key words: Infant and child health care and hygiene, Two-child policy, Mother, Early life, Nutritional knowledge, Breast feeding, Questionnaires

摘要： 背景　生命早期的营养不仅影响个人胎儿期和儿童期的正常生长发育，还会对其成年期健康甚至终生产生影响。二孩政策背景下，出生人口增多，提高母亲对生命早期营养知识的正确认知至关重要。目的　了解全面二孩政策背景下安徽省0~2岁婴儿母亲生命早期营养知识掌握现状，为今后进行有针对性的健康干预提供科学依据。方法　2015年1月—2016年1月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法选取安徽省合肥市、芜湖市、阜阳市0~2岁婴儿的母亲进行问卷调查，了解其妊娠期营养知识知晓情况、分娩后婴儿营养需求知识知晓情况、分娩后婴儿营养知识的主要来源途径，并比较3地区之间的差异。结果　共调查1 050人，有效应答1 019人，有效应答率为97.0%。妊娠期营养知识平均得分（23.3±7.4）分，总及格率为40.3%（411/1 019），3个地区母亲正常合理膳食要求，妊娠期合理膳食要求，妊娠早期叶酸补充量，妊娠中、晚期钙补充量，妊娠期体质量适宜增长范围，妊娠期过度增重危害知晓率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。分娩后婴儿营养需求知识平均得分为（21.9±8.8）分，总及格率为36.6%（373/1 019），3个地区母乳喂养可以提供均衡营养、增强抵抗力、易消化吸收、促进母子情感交流、促进分娩后恢复、纯母乳喂养时间、母乳可喂养至2岁、贫血补充微量元素铁知晓率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。分娩后婴儿营养知识主要来源是医务工作者、QQ/微信等网络平台和专业书籍，3个地区母亲分娩后营养知识的来源途径所占比例不同，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　0~2岁婴儿母亲生命早期营养知识水平需进一步提高。建议加强妊娠期营养和母乳喂养知识的宣传，对产妇提供分娩后访视，针对不同地区采取有针对性的措施，探索网络宣教新途径，开设专业讲座，以促进母婴健康。

关键词: 婴幼儿保健与卫生, 二孩政策, 母亲, 生命早期, 营养知识, 母乳喂养, 问卷调查