Abstract: Background　Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems among the elderly in the community.Management of emotions by use of cognitive strategies is closely related to the life of older people.At present，research on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and negative emotions among the elderly is rare.Objective　To examine the relationship of depression and anxiety with cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the elderly in the community，to provide insights to deliver interventions for depression or anxiety in this population.Methods　By use of convenience sampling，550 community-dwelling residents aged 60 or over were selected from Xinxiang，Henan Province from March to April 2018，and were surveyed with the General Demographic Questionnaire developed by our research team，15-item Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS-15），Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7（GAD-7） and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire（CERQ）.Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship of depression and anxiety with cognitive emotion regulation strategies.And stepwise multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression and anxiety.Results　A total of 514 cases returned responsive questionnaires，indicating that the survey obtained a response rate of 93.5%.The prevalence rates of depression，and anxiety were 26.5%（136/514），and 9.9%（51/514），respectively.Correlation analysis showed that depression scores were positively correlated with self-blame，rumination，catastrophization，and blaming others（P<0.05），and negatively correlated with acceptance，self-consolation，refocus on planning，positive refocusing，and positive reappraisal（P<0.05）；anxiety scores were positively correlated with self-accusation rumination，catastrophization，and blaming others（P<0.05），and negatively correlated with self-consolation acceptance，refocus on planning，positive refocasing，and positive reappraisal（P<0.05）.Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that age，education level，number of chronic diseases，number of good friends，family relationship，physical condition and rumination，catastrophization，blaming others，self-comfort and positive reappraisal were the influencing factors of depression among the elderly in the community（P<0.05）；age，number of chronic diseases，family relationship，average monthly income and rumination，catastrophization，blaming others，and positive reappraisal were the influencing factors of anxiety among the elderly in community（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The incidence rates of anxiety and depression among the elderly in the community are high.The use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies is closely related to depression and anxiety.Those who more frequently use non-adaptive strategies such as rumination，catastrophization，blaming others，and less frequently use positive reappraisal and other adaptive strategies，may be more likely to experience depression and anxiety.

Key words: Depression, Anxiety, Emotions, Cognition, Aged, Community medicine

摘要： 背景　抑郁和焦虑是社区老年人常见的心理健康问题，认知管理情绪的方式与老年人生活密切相关。目前，关于认知情绪调节策略与负性情绪研究在老年人群中少见。目的　调查社区老年人抑郁、焦虑情绪状况，探讨社区老年人抑郁、焦虑情绪与认知情绪调节策略的关系，为老年人抑郁、焦虑的干预提供理论依据。方法　于2018年3—4月采用方便抽样法选取河南省新乡市年龄≥60周岁社区老年人550例为研究对象，采用一般情况调查表、简版老年抑郁量表（GDS-15）、广泛性焦虑量表（GAD-7）及认知情绪调节问卷（CERQ）进行调查。采用Spearman秩相关分析抑郁、焦虑与各认知情绪调节策略间的相关性，采用多元线性逐步回归分析抑郁、焦虑的影响因素。结果　共发放问卷550份，回收有效问卷514份，问卷有效回收率为93.5%。社区老年人抑郁、焦虑检出率分别为26.5%（136/514）、9.9%（51/514）。相关分析结果显示：抑郁得分与自责、沉思、灾难化、责备他人呈正相关（P<0.05），与接收、自我安慰、重新关注计划、积极重新关注、积极重新评价呈负相关（P<0.05）；焦虑得分与自责、沉思、灾难化、责备他人呈正相关（P<0.05），与接受、自我安慰、重新关注计划、积极重新关注、积极重新评价呈负相关（P<0.05）。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示，年龄、受教育程度、患慢性病种数、好朋友数量、与家人关系、身体健康状况及沉思、灾难化、责备他人、自我安慰、积极重新评价的调节策略是社区老年人抑郁的影响因素（P<0.05）；年龄、患慢性病种数、与家人关系、月均收入及沉思、灾难化、责备他人、积极重新评价的调节策略是社区老年人焦虑的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　社区老年人焦虑、抑郁发生率较高。认知情绪调节策略与抑郁、焦虑情绪密切相关，越多使用沉思、灾难化、责备他人非适应性策略，越少使用积极重新评价适应性策略的老年人越有可能产生抑郁、焦虑情绪。

关键词: 抑郁, 焦虑, 情绪, 认知, 老年人, 社区医学