Lactate, a primary product of the reduction of pyruvate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, plays multiple roles in the occurrence and progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). This article systematically summarizes the biosynthesis and transport mechanisms of lactate, explores the interaction between lactate and the metabolic processes and immunological microenvironment of tumors, then provides a comprehensive analysis of how lactate affects the drug resistance and prognosis of NSCLC. It also summarizes the research findings on lactate metabolism as a new therapeutic target for NSCLC. In summary, lactylation modification can participate in the regulation of various biological processes such as metabolism, proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion of tumor cells by affecting gene expression and protein function. Lactate-related genes can serve as important markers for assessing the progression of NSCLC, providing a basis for disease progression prediction, treatment effect evaluation and the development of personalized treatment plans.

乳酸是乳酸脱氢酶催化丙酮酸发生还原反应的主要产物，在非小细胞肺癌发生、发展中发挥多重作用。本文系统概括了乳酸的生物合成和转运机制，探讨了乳酸与肿瘤代谢以及免疫微环境相互作用，对乳酸影响非小细胞肺癌的治疗耐药性及预后进行了归纳分析，并概括总结了乳酸代谢作为非小细胞肺癌新的治疗靶点的研究成果。乳酸化修饰可通过影响基因表达和蛋白质功能，参与调控肿瘤细胞的代谢、增殖、侵袭和免疫逃逸等多重生物学过程，乳酸相关基因可作为评估非小细胞肺癌进展的重要标志物，为非小细胞肺癌进展预测、疗效评估以及个体化治疗方案的制定提供参考依据。