Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (25): 3655-3663.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0287

Special Issue: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• Original Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Severity and Influencing Factors of Chronic Pruritus Symptoms in Elderly Patients Seeking Medical Treatment in Urban Communities in Beijing

  

  1. 1. School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
    2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • Received:2025-09-17 Revised:2025-12-28 Published:2026-09-05 Online:2026-08-11
  • Contact: ZHAO Yali

北京市城区社区就诊老年患者慢性瘙痒症状强度及影响因素研究

  

  1. 1.100069 北京市,首都医科大学全科医学与继续教育学院
    2.100069 北京市,首都医科大学基础医学院
  • 通讯作者: 赵亚利
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    焦姝婷负责研究数据的收集、整理、分析,以及文章的构思、设计和撰写;井浩然负责研究数据的收集;赵亚利负责指导数据收集、分析,文章构思、可行性分析,指导文章撰写、修改和质量控制,并对文章整体负责、监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项重点项目(首发2023-1Y-001)

Abstract:

Background

Chronic pruritus (CP) is prevalent in the elderly population and its prevalence increases with age, seriously affecting their physical and mental health.

Objective

To explore pruritus symptoms and intensity of elderly patients with CP in community outpatient clinics in Beijing and analyze the factors affecting it, in order to provide a reference for improving the prevention and treatment in the community.

Methods

A multi-stage sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among elderly patients with CP meeting the study criteria who visited outpatient clinics at 14 community health service centers in Beijing's urban districts from September to December 2024. The numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to assess patients' pruritus intensity, while the Chinese version of the ItchyQoL questionnaire evaluated pruritus related quality of life. A multinomial Logistic regression model was used to analyze factors influencing pruritus intensity, while Spearman's rank correlation analysis examined the relationship between pruritus intensity and pruritus-related quality of life.

Results

A total of 631 questionnaires were distributed, with 623 valid responses collected, resulting in a response rate of 98.7%. The duration of illness in elderly CP patients predominantly was 5 years and above (327, 52.5%), the intensity of pruritus was moderate and above (434, 69.6%), and the pruritus-related quality of life was mildly impaired (569, 91.3%). The results of multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that pruritus intensity was higher in patients with aged between 70 and 80 years (compared to those aged 60 to 70, OR=1.459, P=0.028), junior high school education and below (compared to those college degree or higher, OR=1.661, P=0.010), and strong tea drinking habit (OR=1.411, P=0.046). Conversely, patients with a disease duration of 5 years or more (compared to those duration of CP less than 1 year, OR=0.590, P=0.016) exhibited lower pruritus intensity. Patients with higher pruritus intensity experience more severe impairment in pruritus-related quality of life (rs=0.278, P<0.01). The more severe the pruritus intensity, the more severe the impairment in symptoms (rs=0.325, P<0.01), functional activities (rs=0.283, P<0.01), and emotional well-being (rs=0.243, P<0.01).

Conclusion

Strengthening the attention to the problem of chronic pruritus in the community, focusing on patients with education level of junior high school or below, strong tea drinking habit and shorter duration of the disease, and adopting targeted prevention and treatment measures to improve their skin health and quality of life are of great significance in promoting the physical and mental health of the elderly population.

Key words: Chronic pruritus, Aged, Community health services, Symptom assessment, Quality of life, Root cause analysis

摘要:

背景

慢性瘙痒(CP)在老年人群中普遍存在,患病率随年龄增加而升高,严重影响老年人身心健康。

目的

探讨北京市城区社区就诊老年CP患者的瘙痒症状强度并分析其影响因素,为提升社区防治水平提供参考。

方法

采用多阶段抽样方法,于2024年9—12月在北京市城区14家社区卫生服务中心选取符合研究要求的门诊就诊老年CP患者进行问卷调查。采用瘙痒数值评定量尺(NRS)评价患者的瘙痒强度,采用中文版瘙痒患者生活质量问卷(中文ItchyQoL)评价患者的瘙痒相关生活质量。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析患者瘙痒强度的影响因素,采用Spearman秩相关分析瘙痒强度和瘙痒相关生活质量的关系。

结果

发放问卷631份,回收有效问卷623份,问卷有效率为98.7%。老年CP患者的患病时间以>5年为主(327例,52.5%),瘙痒强度以中度及以上为主(434例,69.6%),瘙痒相关生活质量以轻度受损为主(569例,91.3%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄70~80岁(与60~<70岁相比,OR=1.459,P=0.028)、受教育程度为初中及以下(与大专及以上相比,OR=1.661,P=0.010)、饮用浓茶(OR=1.411,P=0.046)的患者瘙痒强度更高;患病时间>5年(与<1年相比,OR=0.590,P=0.016)的患者瘙痒强度更低。瘙痒强度越高的患者,瘙痒相关生活质量受损越严重(rs=0.278,P<0.01),症状(rs=0.325,P<0.01)、功能活动(rs=0.283,P<0.01)和情绪(rs=0.243,P<0.01)各子维度的损害也越严重。

结论

加强对社区老年CP问题的重视,关注教育程度初中及以下、年龄70~80岁、有饮用浓茶习惯和患病时间较短的患者,采取针对性防治措施,改善其皮肤健康问题,提升其生活质量,对促进老年人群身心健康具有重要意义。

关键词: 慢性瘙痒, 老年人, 社区卫生服务, 症状评估, 生活质量, 影响因素分析