Under the wave of global digital transformation, the data reform in the healthcare industry is accelerating. Countries around the world are actively enacting digital policies to drive the development of healthcare data. This paper focuses on the construction of the healthcare data space driven by digital policies, systematically analyzes its multi-dimensional challenges in data sharing, privacy and security, technology integration, and ethical governance. By combining the practical experiences of the "European Health Data Space" of the European Union and China's "14th Five-Year Plan" policies, it breaks through data silos with technologies such as federated learning and blockchain - based certification, optimizes resource allocation through hierarchical and penetrating capital allocation, and simultaneously establishes a cross - border data mutual recognition mechanism to strengthen international cooperation. The study believes that the sustainable development of the healthcare data space urgently requires the construction of a trinity governance framework of "technology-management-law", relying on technology and policies to create a multi-agent collaborative ecosystem to solve core problems such as insufficient data standardization, storage bottlenecks, and talent shortages. Through the path analysis that combines theory and practice, this paper provides a systematic reference for the construction of the digital foundation of the Healthy China strategy, and is expected to help transform healthcare data from resource deposition to intelligent services, significantly promoting the popularization of precision healthcare and the coordinated development of global health governance.

在全球数字化转型浪潮下，医疗行业数据变革加速，各国积极出台数字政策以驱动医疗数据发展。本文聚焦数字政策驱动的医疗数据空间构建，系统剖析其在数据共享、隐私安全、技术融合与伦理治理中的多维挑战，结合欧盟"欧洲健康数据空间"与中国"十四五"政策的实践经验，借助联邦学习、区块链存证等技术突破数据孤岛，通过分层穿透式资金配置优化资源分配，同时建立跨境数据互认机制以强化国际合作。研究认为，医疗数据空间可持续发展亟需构建"技术-管理-法律"三位一体的治理框架，依托技术与政策打造多主体协同的生态系统，破解数据标准化不足、存储瓶颈及人才短缺等核心问题。通过理论与实践结合的路径分析，为健康中国战略的数字化基座建设提供系统性参考，有望助力医疗数据从资源沉淀向智能服务转型，加快推动精准医疗普惠化与全球健康治理协同发展。