Preconception care (PCC) and the first antenatal visit are crucial preventive strategies for maternal and child health. Based on the recommendations regarding preconception care and initial antenatal assessment presented in the 10th edition of the Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice (Red Book) issued by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), this review provided a comparative analysis of the models and practices of preconception care and first antenatal visit in China and Australia. The Australian model, centered on general practitioners (GPs), emphasized individualized services, including expanded carrier screening for genetic diseases and management of chronic diseases. In contrast, the Chinese model, driven by national public health projects and supported by the maternal and child health system, focused on group-based screening and management, implementing a "five-color" risk classification management system. Both models had their unique strengths. The Chinese model had achieved extensive service coverage and rapid improvement in key indicators, while the Australian model exceled in individualized and continuous services. Future directions for China could involve strengthening grassroots capacity and individualized services to provide higher quality, equitable, and humanized health services.

孕前保健与首次产前检查是保障母婴健康的重要预防策略。本文基于澳大利亚全科医生学会（RACGP）发布的《全科医学预防活动指南》（简称"红皮书"）第十版中关于孕前保健和首次产前检查的建议，对比分析了中国和澳大利亚在孕前保健与首次产前检查的模式与实践方面的差异。澳大利亚模式以全科医生为核心，强调个体化服务，注重遗传病携带者筛查和慢性病管理。中国模式则以国家基本公共卫生服务项目为驱动，依托妇幼保健系统，强调群体性筛查与管理，实施"五色"分级风险管理。两种模式各具特色，中国模式在短时间内实现了服务的广覆盖和关键指标的快速改善，而澳大利亚模式则在个体化和连续性服务方面表现突出。未来中国可在现有优势基础上，进一步强化基层能力建设和个性化服务，以提供更优质、均衡、人性化的健康服务。