Neurological disorders severely impact patients' quality of life. These disorders have multifactorial etiologies, including genetic, infectious, and immunological factors. Emerging evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota in these disorders through the gut-brain axis. However, the research hotspots and trends in this field remain inadequately characterized.

This study aims to conduct a visual analysis of the literature related to neurological disorders and gut microbiota, with the goal of understanding the current research landscape both domestically and internationally. Furthermore, it seeks to explore the research hotspots and emerging trends, thereby providing a reference for future studies.

Relevant literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database from January 1, 2000 to July 29, 2024. Using CiteSpace software, a visual analysis was performed from multiple aspects, including publication volume, co-citation analysis, highly cited papers, citation burst papers, keyword co-occurrence, national collaboration, institutional collaboration, and author collaboration.

A total of 5 239 articles were included, with a steady increase in publication volume since 2012, surpassing 1 000 articles in 2022. The research hotspots primarily concentrated on Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Citation analysis revealed that the relationship between gut microbiota and CNS diseases had become a prominent research focus in recent years. Moreover, co-occurrence analysis of keywords further highlighted the frequent appearance of important research topics such as short-chain fatty acids, the gut-brain axis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, indicating a high level of attention to these areas. High-citation articles and citation burst analysis showed that the research trend was centered on the mechanisms through which gut microbiota influence neurodegenerative diseases and other CNS disorders, particularly focusing on the regulatory roles of short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota diversity, and the gut-brain axis.

CiteSpace-based bibliometric analysis suggests a potential association between gut microbiota and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Modulation of gut microbiota may offer a promising therapeutic avenue for the management of these conditions. Further longitudinal studies and clinical trials are warranted to validate this hypothesis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influences neurological disease pathogenesis.

神经系统疾病严重影响患者生活质量，其复杂病因涉及遗传、感染、免疫等多种因素。近年来，关于肠道微生物群通过肠-脑轴参与神经系统疾病发生、发展的研究引起了广泛关注，但相关研究热点和发展趋势尚未得到系统梳理。

对神经系统疾病与肠道菌群相关文献进行可视化分析，以了解国内外研究的现状，探索其热点和前沿趋势，为未来的研究提供参考依据。

检索Web of Science数据库核心合集中自2000-01-01—2024-07-29的相关文献，运用CiteSpace软件从发文量、文献共被引、高被引文献、引文激增文献、关键词共现、国家合作、机构合作及作者合作等多个方面进行可视化分析。

共纳入5 239篇文献，自2012年以来，发文量逐年上升，2022年年发文量超过1 000篇。研究热点主要集中于帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、缺血性卒中及肌萎缩侧索硬化症等领域。文献共被引分析显示，肠道菌群与神经系统疾病的关系正成为近年来的研究重点。关键词共现分析进一步明确了短链脂肪酸、肠-脑轴、肠道菌群失调等重要研究主题的频繁出现，反映了对这些方向的高度关注。高被引文章和引文激增文献分析显示，研究趋势主要集中在肠道微生物对神经退行性疾病及中枢神经系统其他疾病的影响机制上，尤其是短链脂肪酸、肠道菌群多样性和肠-脑轴的调控作用。

基于CiteSpace的文献计量学分析可见肠道菌群与多种神经系统疾病（如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化症等）之间的潜在关联，通过干预微生物群失调有望为神经系统疾病的治疗开辟新的方向。进一步的纵向研究和临床试验将有助于验证这一观点，揭示肠道菌群在神经系统疾病中的作用机制。