
Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (01): 122-128.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0657
Special Issue: 心血管最新文章合辑
• Original Research·Focus on Socio-Psychological Behaviors • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2025-02-13
Revised:2025-07-02
Published:2026-01-05
Online:2025-12-18
Contact:
FAN Mengyu
通讯作者:
樊萌语
作者简介:作者贡献:
的机卓玛负责数据整理、数据分析与论文撰写;邹雁秋、郑迪心、胡梦婕、刘小雪负责协助统计分析与结果解释;樊萌语负责研究的构思与设计、研究的实施、论文修订及经费支持,对文章整体负责;姜侠、李佳圆负责确定分析方案、论文修改及经费支持。
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0657
| 特征 | 总体 | 社交隔离 | 孤独 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 非社交隔离(n=6 241) | 社交隔离(n=4 427) | χ2(t)值 | P值 | 非孤独(n=7 723) | 孤独(n=2 945) | χ2(t)值 | P值 | ||
| 年龄( | 59.7±9.3 | 59.1±8.9 | 60.5±9.7 | 7.658a | <0.001 | 59.3±9.2 | 60.7±9.5 | 6.768a | <0.001 |
| 性别[名(%)] | 55.760 | <0.001 | 90.892 | <0.001 | |||||
| 男 | 5 211(48.85) | 3 239(51.90) | 1 972(44.54) | 3 993(51.70) | 1 218(41.36) | ||||
| 女 | 5 457(51.15) | 3 002(48.10) | 2 455(55.46) | 3 730(48.30) | 1 727(58.64) | ||||
| 城乡[名(%)] | 40.832 | <0.001 | 87.030 | <0.001 | |||||
| 农村 | 6 850(64.21) | 3 851(61.70) | 2 999(67.74) | 4 752(61.53) | 2 098(71.24) | ||||
| 城镇 | 3 818(35.79) | 2 390(38.30) | 1 428(32.26) | 2 971(38.47) | 847(28.76) | ||||
| 教育程度[名(%)] | 175.656 | <0.001 | 139.563 | <0.001 | |||||
| 未正式上过学 | 5 122(48.01) | 2 659(42.61) | 2 463(55.64) | 3 435(44.48) | 1 687(57.28) | ||||
| 小学及以上 | 5 546(51.99) | 3 582(57.39) | 1 964(44.36) | 4 288(55.52) | 1 258(42.72) | ||||
| 医保[名(%)] | 17.281 | <0.001 | 4.342 | 0.037 | |||||
| 无 | 657(6.16) | 333(5.34) | 324(7.32) | 452(5.85) | 205(6.96) | ||||
| 有 | 10 011(93.84) | 5 908(94.66) | 4 103(92.68) | 7 271(94.15) | 2 740(93.04) | ||||
| 吸烟状况[名(%)] | 32.168 | <0.001 | 19.962 | <0.001 | |||||
| 吸烟 | 3 415(32.01) | 2 133(34.18) | 1 282(28.96) | 2 569(33.26) | 846(28.73) | ||||
| 戒烟/从不吸烟 | 7 253(67.99) | 4 108(65.82) | 3 145(71.04) | 5 154(66.74) | 2 099(71.27) | ||||
| 饮酒状况[名(%)] | 37.321 | <0.001 | 23.110 | <0.001 | |||||
| 喝酒 | 3 673(34.43) | 2 297(36.80) | 1 376(31.08) | 2 765(35.80) | 908(30.83) | ||||
| 不喝酒 | 6 995(65.57) | 3 944(63.20) | 3 051(68.92) | 4 958(64.20) | 2 037(69.17) | ||||
| BMI( | 23.3 ±3.9 | 23.6±4.0 | 22.9±3.8 | 9.381a | <0.001 | 23.4±3.9 | 23.0±4.0 | 5.225a | <0.001 |
| 高血压[名(%)] | 5.649 | 0.017 | 0.795 | 0.373 | |||||
| 有 | 2 270(21.28) | 1 378(22.08) | 892(20.15) | 1 626(21.05) | 644(21.87) | ||||
| 无 | 8 398(78.72) | 4 863(77.92) | 3 535(79.85) | 6 097(78.95) | 2 301(78.13) | ||||
| 糖尿病[名(%)] | 6.744 | 0.009 | 0.045 | 0.831 | |||||
| 有 | 505(4.73) | 324(5.19) | 181(4.09) | 363(4.70) | 142(4.82) | ||||
| 无 | 10 163(95.27) | 5 917(94.81) | 4 246(95.91) | 7 360(95.30) | 2 803(95.18) | ||||
| 血脂异常[名(%)] | 18.538 | <0.001 | 1.437 | 0.231 | |||||
| 有 | 756(7.09) | 499(8.00) | 257(5.81) | 562(7.28) | 194(6.59) | ||||
| 无 | 9 912(92.91) | 5 742(92.00) | 4 170(94.19) | 7 161(92.72) | 2 751(93.41) | ||||
| 其他慢性病[名(%)]b | 0.997 | 0.318 | 135.845 | <0.001 | |||||
| 有 | 5 603(52.52) | 3 252(52.11) | 2 351(53.11) | 3 787(49.04) | 1 816(61.66) | ||||
| 无 | 5 065(47.48) | 2 989(47.89) | 2 076(46.89) | 3 936(50.96) | 1 129(38.34) | ||||
| 降压治疗[名(%)] | 6.623 | 0.036 | 1.213 | 0.545 | |||||
| 有 | 601(5.63) | 363(5.82) | 238(5.38) | 424(5.49) | 177(6.01) | ||||
| 无 | 1 655(15.51) | 1 010(16.18) | 645(14.57) | 1 194(15.46) | 461(15.65) | ||||
| 不患高血压 | 8 412(78.85) | 4 868(78.00) | 3 544(80.05) | 6 105(79.05) | 2 307(78.34) | ||||
| 降糖治疗[名(%)] | 6.270 | 0.043 | 2.268 | 0.322 | |||||
| 有 | 152(1.42) | 97(1.55) | 55(1.24) | 102(1.32) | 50(1.70) | ||||
| 无 | 344(3.22) | 220(3.53) | 124(2.80) | 252(3.26) | 92(3.12) | ||||
| 不患糖尿病 | 10 172(95.35) | 5 924(94.92) | 4 248(95.96) | 7 369(95.42) | 2 803(95.18) | ||||
| 调脂治疗[名(%)] | 20.356 | <0.001 | 1.840 | 0.398 | |||||
| 有 | 353(3.31) | 238(3.81) | 115(2.60) | 264(3.42) | 89(3.02) | ||||
| 无 | 389(3.65) | 254(4.07) | 135(3.05) | 289(3.74) | 100(3.40) | ||||
| 不患血脂异常 | 9 926(93.04) | 5 749(92.12) | 4 177(94.35) | 7 170(92.84) | 2 756(93.58) | ||||
Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics of participants according to social isolation and loneliness status
| 特征 | 总体 | 社交隔离 | 孤独 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 非社交隔离(n=6 241) | 社交隔离(n=4 427) | χ2(t)值 | P值 | 非孤独(n=7 723) | 孤独(n=2 945) | χ2(t)值 | P值 | ||
| 年龄( | 59.7±9.3 | 59.1±8.9 | 60.5±9.7 | 7.658a | <0.001 | 59.3±9.2 | 60.7±9.5 | 6.768a | <0.001 |
| 性别[名(%)] | 55.760 | <0.001 | 90.892 | <0.001 | |||||
| 男 | 5 211(48.85) | 3 239(51.90) | 1 972(44.54) | 3 993(51.70) | 1 218(41.36) | ||||
| 女 | 5 457(51.15) | 3 002(48.10) | 2 455(55.46) | 3 730(48.30) | 1 727(58.64) | ||||
| 城乡[名(%)] | 40.832 | <0.001 | 87.030 | <0.001 | |||||
| 农村 | 6 850(64.21) | 3 851(61.70) | 2 999(67.74) | 4 752(61.53) | 2 098(71.24) | ||||
| 城镇 | 3 818(35.79) | 2 390(38.30) | 1 428(32.26) | 2 971(38.47) | 847(28.76) | ||||
| 教育程度[名(%)] | 175.656 | <0.001 | 139.563 | <0.001 | |||||
| 未正式上过学 | 5 122(48.01) | 2 659(42.61) | 2 463(55.64) | 3 435(44.48) | 1 687(57.28) | ||||
| 小学及以上 | 5 546(51.99) | 3 582(57.39) | 1 964(44.36) | 4 288(55.52) | 1 258(42.72) | ||||
| 医保[名(%)] | 17.281 | <0.001 | 4.342 | 0.037 | |||||
| 无 | 657(6.16) | 333(5.34) | 324(7.32) | 452(5.85) | 205(6.96) | ||||
| 有 | 10 011(93.84) | 5 908(94.66) | 4 103(92.68) | 7 271(94.15) | 2 740(93.04) | ||||
| 吸烟状况[名(%)] | 32.168 | <0.001 | 19.962 | <0.001 | |||||
| 吸烟 | 3 415(32.01) | 2 133(34.18) | 1 282(28.96) | 2 569(33.26) | 846(28.73) | ||||
| 戒烟/从不吸烟 | 7 253(67.99) | 4 108(65.82) | 3 145(71.04) | 5 154(66.74) | 2 099(71.27) | ||||
| 饮酒状况[名(%)] | 37.321 | <0.001 | 23.110 | <0.001 | |||||
| 喝酒 | 3 673(34.43) | 2 297(36.80) | 1 376(31.08) | 2 765(35.80) | 908(30.83) | ||||
| 不喝酒 | 6 995(65.57) | 3 944(63.20) | 3 051(68.92) | 4 958(64.20) | 2 037(69.17) | ||||
| BMI( | 23.3 ±3.9 | 23.6±4.0 | 22.9±3.8 | 9.381a | <0.001 | 23.4±3.9 | 23.0±4.0 | 5.225a | <0.001 |
| 高血压[名(%)] | 5.649 | 0.017 | 0.795 | 0.373 | |||||
| 有 | 2 270(21.28) | 1 378(22.08) | 892(20.15) | 1 626(21.05) | 644(21.87) | ||||
| 无 | 8 398(78.72) | 4 863(77.92) | 3 535(79.85) | 6 097(78.95) | 2 301(78.13) | ||||
| 糖尿病[名(%)] | 6.744 | 0.009 | 0.045 | 0.831 | |||||
| 有 | 505(4.73) | 324(5.19) | 181(4.09) | 363(4.70) | 142(4.82) | ||||
| 无 | 10 163(95.27) | 5 917(94.81) | 4 246(95.91) | 7 360(95.30) | 2 803(95.18) | ||||
| 血脂异常[名(%)] | 18.538 | <0.001 | 1.437 | 0.231 | |||||
| 有 | 756(7.09) | 499(8.00) | 257(5.81) | 562(7.28) | 194(6.59) | ||||
| 无 | 9 912(92.91) | 5 742(92.00) | 4 170(94.19) | 7 161(92.72) | 2 751(93.41) | ||||
| 其他慢性病[名(%)]b | 0.997 | 0.318 | 135.845 | <0.001 | |||||
| 有 | 5 603(52.52) | 3 252(52.11) | 2 351(53.11) | 3 787(49.04) | 1 816(61.66) | ||||
| 无 | 5 065(47.48) | 2 989(47.89) | 2 076(46.89) | 3 936(50.96) | 1 129(38.34) | ||||
| 降压治疗[名(%)] | 6.623 | 0.036 | 1.213 | 0.545 | |||||
| 有 | 601(5.63) | 363(5.82) | 238(5.38) | 424(5.49) | 177(6.01) | ||||
| 无 | 1 655(15.51) | 1 010(16.18) | 645(14.57) | 1 194(15.46) | 461(15.65) | ||||
| 不患高血压 | 8 412(78.85) | 4 868(78.00) | 3 544(80.05) | 6 105(79.05) | 2 307(78.34) | ||||
| 降糖治疗[名(%)] | 6.270 | 0.043 | 2.268 | 0.322 | |||||
| 有 | 152(1.42) | 97(1.55) | 55(1.24) | 102(1.32) | 50(1.70) | ||||
| 无 | 344(3.22) | 220(3.53) | 124(2.80) | 252(3.26) | 92(3.12) | ||||
| 不患糖尿病 | 10 172(95.35) | 5 924(94.92) | 4 248(95.96) | 7 369(95.42) | 2 803(95.18) | ||||
| 调脂治疗[名(%)] | 20.356 | <0.001 | 1.840 | 0.398 | |||||
| 有 | 353(3.31) | 238(3.81) | 115(2.60) | 264(3.42) | 89(3.02) | ||||
| 无 | 389(3.65) | 254(4.07) | 135(3.05) | 289(3.74) | 100(3.40) | ||||
| 不患血脂异常 | 9 926(93.04) | 5 749(92.12) | 4 177(94.35) | 7 170(92.84) | 2 756(93.58) | ||||
| 自变量 | 因变量 | 发病人数 | 发病密度(1/1 000人年) | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR(95%CI) | P值 | HR(95%CI) | P值 | HR(95%CI) | P值 | ||||
| 社交隔离 | 心血管疾病 | 986 | 29.6 | 0.94(0.87~1.02) | 0.159 | 0.98(0.90~1.06) | 0.642 | 0.99(0.91~1.09) | 0.772 |
| 心脏疾病 | 711 | 20.9 | 0.90(0.82~0.99) | 0.028 | 0.94(0.85~1.03) | 0.179 | 0.94(0.86~1.04) | 0.241 | |
| 卒中 | 395 | 11.1 | 1.11(0.97~1.27) | 0.125 | 1.16(1.01~1.32) | 0.032 | 1.16(1.01~1.33) | 0.030 | |
| 孤独 | 心血管疾病 | 753 | 34.5 | 1.19(1.09~1.30) | <0.001 | 1.24(1.13~1.35) | <0.001 | 1.24(1.13~1.35) | <0.001 |
| 心脏疾病 | 562 | 25.2 | 1.19(1.08~1.32) | 0.001 | 1.24(1.12~1.38) | <0.001 | 1.24(1.12~1.38) | <0.001 | |
| 卒中 | 287 | 12.2 | 1.25(1.08~1.44) | 0.002 | 1.28(1.11~1.48) | 0.001 | 1.26(1.09~1.45) | 0.002 | |
Table 2 Cox regression analysis of the association between social isolation, loneliness and the risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older adults
| 自变量 | 因变量 | 发病人数 | 发病密度(1/1 000人年) | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR(95%CI) | P值 | HR(95%CI) | P值 | HR(95%CI) | P值 | ||||
| 社交隔离 | 心血管疾病 | 986 | 29.6 | 0.94(0.87~1.02) | 0.159 | 0.98(0.90~1.06) | 0.642 | 0.99(0.91~1.09) | 0.772 |
| 心脏疾病 | 711 | 20.9 | 0.90(0.82~0.99) | 0.028 | 0.94(0.85~1.03) | 0.179 | 0.94(0.86~1.04) | 0.241 | |
| 卒中 | 395 | 11.1 | 1.11(0.97~1.27) | 0.125 | 1.16(1.01~1.32) | 0.032 | 1.16(1.01~1.33) | 0.030 | |
| 孤独 | 心血管疾病 | 753 | 34.5 | 1.19(1.09~1.30) | <0.001 | 1.24(1.13~1.35) | <0.001 | 1.24(1.13~1.35) | <0.001 |
| 心脏疾病 | 562 | 25.2 | 1.19(1.08~1.32) | 0.001 | 1.24(1.12~1.38) | <0.001 | 1.24(1.12~1.38) | <0.001 | |
| 卒中 | 287 | 12.2 | 1.25(1.08~1.44) | 0.002 | 1.28(1.11~1.48) | 0.001 | 1.26(1.09~1.45) | 0.002 | |
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