Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children, with a rising global incidence. Due to the unique geographical location and climatic conditions, the prevalence of asthma among children in Lanzhou is relatively high. The level of asthma control is closely related to the quality of life and prognosis of children; however, research on the asthma control status and influencing factors in school-age children in Lanzhou remains limited.

To assess the control rate of bronchial asthma in school-aged children in Lanzhou and explore the influencing factors of asthma control levels.

A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data of school-age children who were diagnosed with bronchial asthma in Department of Pediatric, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child-care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital) from 2021 to 2023. According to the Children-Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) score, children were divided into two groups: a controlled group (215 cases, C-ACT score≥23) and an uncontrolled group (199 cases, C-ACT score<23). The clinical data of two groups were collected and compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of asthma control levels in school-aged children with bronchial asthma.

A total of 414 children with bronchial asthma were included in this study, including 244 (58.9%) males and 170 (41.1%) females, with a mean age of (7.64±1.94) years. The asthma control rate among school-aged children with bronchial asthma in Lanzhou was 51.9% (215/414). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that keeping cats or dogs at home (OR=3.075, 95%CI=1.453-6.508, P=0.003), comorbid allergic rhinitis (OR=1.947, 95%CI=1.127-3.364, P=0.017), autumn (OR=3.891, 95%CI=2.008-7.519, P<0.001) and winter (OR=2.227, 95%CI=1.140-4.367, P=0.019) were associated with poor asthma control in school-aged children. Proficiency in inhalation techniques (OR=0.191, 95%CI=0.117-0.312, P<0.001) and good compliance with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) medication (OR=0.202, 95%CI=0.123-0.332, P<0.001) were associated with better control of bronchial asthma in school-age children.

The control rate of bronchial asthma in school-age children in Lanzhou is not high, and it still needs to be further improved. The main influencing factors include keeping cats or dogs at home, combined allergic rhinitis, autumn and winter, lack of proficiency in inhalation techniques, and poor compliance with ICS medication.

支气管哮喘是儿童常见的慢性呼吸道疾病之一，其全球发病率持续上升。兰州市因特殊地理位置与气候条件，儿童哮喘发病率较高。哮喘控制水平与患儿生活质量及预后密切相关，但兰州市学龄期儿童哮喘控制情况及影响因素的研究仍较为缺乏。

评估兰州市学龄期儿童支气管哮喘控制率，并探讨支气管哮喘控制水平的影响因素。

选取2021—2023年于甘肃省妇幼保健院（甘肃省中心医院）儿科确诊的学龄期支气管哮喘患儿及家属进行问卷调查。根据儿童哮喘控制测试（C-ACT）评分将患儿分为2组：控制组215例（C-ACT评分≥23分），未控制组199例（C-ACT评分<23分）。收集2组患儿的临床资料并比较，采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨学龄期儿童支气管哮喘控制水平的影响因素。

本研究共纳入支气管哮喘患儿414例，其中男244例（58.9%）、女170例（41.1%），平均年龄（7.64±1.94）岁；兰州市学龄期儿童支气管哮喘控制率为51.9%（215/414）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，家中饲养猫或狗（OR=3.075，95%CI=1.453~6.508，P=0.003）、合并过敏性鼻炎（OR=1.947，95%CI=1.127~3.364，P=0.017）、秋季（OR=3.891，95%CI=2.008~7.519，P<0.001）及冬季（OR=2.227，95%CI=1.140~4.367，P=0.019）不利于学龄期儿童支气管哮喘的控制，熟练掌握吸入技术（OR=0.191，95%CI=0.117~0.312，P<0.001）和吸入糖皮质激素（ICS）用药依从性良好（OR=0.202，95%CI=0.123~0.332，P<0.001）有利于学龄期儿童支气管哮喘的控制。

兰州市学龄期儿童支气管哮喘控制率不高，仍需进一步提升。家中饲养猫或狗、合并过敏性鼻炎、秋季及冬季、未熟练掌握吸入技术及ICS用药依从性差是学龄期儿童支气管哮喘控制不佳的危险因素。