
Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (26): 3240-3247.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0667
Special Issue: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑; 老年人群健康最新文章合辑
• Original Research • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2024-11-18
Revised:2025-01-24
Published:2025-09-15
Online:2025-07-22
Contact:
TAN Wei
通讯作者:
谭伟
作者简介:作者贡献:
崔宇阳负责查阅文献、统计分析、论文撰写与修改;程桂荣参与研究设计,技术支持,问卷录入与整理;曾燕负责研究整体设计,参与现场调查、数据搜集和论文修改;黄招兰负责论文审阅,经费支持;谭伟负责论文质量控制和审校,对文章整体负责。
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0667
| 组别 | 例数 | 性别 | 年龄 | 居住地 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男 | 女 | 65~69岁 | 70~74岁 | 75~79岁 | ≥80岁 | 农村 | 城市 | ||
| 无配偶组 | 2 411 | 808(33.5) | 1 602(66.4) | 518(21.5) | 689(28.6) | 597(24.8) | 571(23.7) | 1 225(52.1) | 1 074(44.5) |
| 有配偶组 | 7 055 | 3 480(49.3) | 3 573(50.6) | 2 986(43.5) | 2 130(31.0) | 1 040(15.1) | 709(10.3) | 2 016(28.6) | 5 039(71.4) |
| χ2值 | 181.664 | 568.330 | 567.530 | ||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 组别 | 受教育年限 | 职业性质 | 社会支持 | ||||||
| ≤9年 | >9年 | 脑力劳动 | 体力劳动 | 脑力和体力劳动 | 有 | 无 | |||
| 无配偶组 | 1 913(79.3) | 498(20.7) | 461(19.1) | 1 687(70.0) | 218(9.04) | 1 022(42.3) | 908(37.6) | ||
| 有配偶组 | 4 000(56.7) | 3 052(43.3) | 2 390(33.9) | 3 436(48.7) | 1 153(16.3) | 4 611(65.4) | 884(12.5) | ||
| χ2值 | 393.008 | 347.328 | 614.132 | ||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 组别 | 生活习惯 | 高血压 | 糖尿病 | 高脂血症 | |||||
| 不健康 | 健康 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | ||
| 无配偶组 | 587(24.3) | 1 359(56.3) | 1 340(55.6) | 1 067(44.3) | 386(16.0) | 2 014(83.5) | 513(21.3) | 1 890(78.3) | |
| 有配偶组 | 1 582(22.4) | 4 426(62.7) | 3 650(51.7) | 3 387(48.0) | 1 263(17.9) | 5 754(81.6) | 1 833(26.0) | 5 185(73.5) | |
| χ2值 | 16.401 | 10.938 | 4.937 | 21.808 | |||||
| P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.036 | <0.001 | |||||
| 组别 | 冠心病 | 脑血管疾病 | 抑郁情况 | 认知状态 | |||||
| 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 正常 | 认知障碍 | ||
| 无配偶组 | 470(19.5) | 1 935(80.3) | 496(20.6) | 1 903(78.9) | 91(3.77) | 2 226(92.3) | 1 247(51.7) | 1 164(48.3) | |
| 有配偶组 | 1 126(15.9) | 5 881(83.4) | 1 426(20.2) | 5 583(79.1) | 166(2.35) | 6 602(93.6) | 5 233(74.2) | 1 822(25.8) | |
| χ2值 | 14.417 | 0.152 | 14.367 | 419.515 | |||||
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.751 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Table 1 Comparison of characteristics between elderly people without and with a spouse
| 组别 | 例数 | 性别 | 年龄 | 居住地 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男 | 女 | 65~69岁 | 70~74岁 | 75~79岁 | ≥80岁 | 农村 | 城市 | ||
| 无配偶组 | 2 411 | 808(33.5) | 1 602(66.4) | 518(21.5) | 689(28.6) | 597(24.8) | 571(23.7) | 1 225(52.1) | 1 074(44.5) |
| 有配偶组 | 7 055 | 3 480(49.3) | 3 573(50.6) | 2 986(43.5) | 2 130(31.0) | 1 040(15.1) | 709(10.3) | 2 016(28.6) | 5 039(71.4) |
| χ2值 | 181.664 | 568.330 | 567.530 | ||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 组别 | 受教育年限 | 职业性质 | 社会支持 | ||||||
| ≤9年 | >9年 | 脑力劳动 | 体力劳动 | 脑力和体力劳动 | 有 | 无 | |||
| 无配偶组 | 1 913(79.3) | 498(20.7) | 461(19.1) | 1 687(70.0) | 218(9.04) | 1 022(42.3) | 908(37.6) | ||
| 有配偶组 | 4 000(56.7) | 3 052(43.3) | 2 390(33.9) | 3 436(48.7) | 1 153(16.3) | 4 611(65.4) | 884(12.5) | ||
| χ2值 | 393.008 | 347.328 | 614.132 | ||||||
| P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 组别 | 生活习惯 | 高血压 | 糖尿病 | 高脂血症 | |||||
| 不健康 | 健康 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | ||
| 无配偶组 | 587(24.3) | 1 359(56.3) | 1 340(55.6) | 1 067(44.3) | 386(16.0) | 2 014(83.5) | 513(21.3) | 1 890(78.3) | |
| 有配偶组 | 1 582(22.4) | 4 426(62.7) | 3 650(51.7) | 3 387(48.0) | 1 263(17.9) | 5 754(81.6) | 1 833(26.0) | 5 185(73.5) | |
| χ2值 | 16.401 | 10.938 | 4.937 | 21.808 | |||||
| P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.036 | <0.001 | |||||
| 组别 | 冠心病 | 脑血管疾病 | 抑郁情况 | 认知状态 | |||||
| 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 正常 | 认知障碍 | ||
| 无配偶组 | 470(19.5) | 1 935(80.3) | 496(20.6) | 1 903(78.9) | 91(3.77) | 2 226(92.3) | 1 247(51.7) | 1 164(48.3) | |
| 有配偶组 | 1 126(15.9) | 5 881(83.4) | 1 426(20.2) | 5 583(79.1) | 166(2.35) | 6 602(93.6) | 5 233(74.2) | 1 822(25.8) | |
| χ2值 | 14.417 | 0.152 | 14.367 | 419.515 | |||||
| P值 | <0.001 | 0.751 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| 变量 | B | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR值(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 有配偶 | 1.000 | ||||
| 从未结婚 | 0.518 | 0.148 | 3.496 | <0.001 | 1.679(1.448~1.947) |
| 离婚 | -0.090 | 0.228 | -0.393 | 0.695 | 0.914(0.728~1.148) |
| 丧偶 | 0.248 | 0.061 | 4.096 | <0.001 | 1.282(1.206~1.362) |
Table 2 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the association between marital status and cognitive impairment in older adults
| 变量 | B | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR值(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 有配偶 | 1.000 | ||||
| 从未结婚 | 0.518 | 0.148 | 3.496 | <0.001 | 1.679(1.448~1.947) |
| 离婚 | -0.090 | 0.228 | -0.393 | 0.695 | 0.914(0.728~1.148) |
| 丧偶 | 0.248 | 0.061 | 4.096 | <0.001 | 1.282(1.206~1.362) |
| 变量 | 男性(n=4 288) | 女性(n=5 175) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | |
| 有配偶 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 从未结婚 | 2.316(1.680~3.193) | <0.001 | 1.871(0.779~4.494) | 0.161 |
| 离婚 | 0.961(0.467~1.980) | 0.915 | 0.944(0.526~1.696) | 0.848 |
| 丧偶 | 1.731(1.405~2.131) | <0.001 | 1.163(1.002~1.351) | 0.047 |
Table 3 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the association between marital status and cognitive impairment in older adults by sex
| 变量 | 男性(n=4 288) | 女性(n=5 175) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | |
| 有配偶 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 从未结婚 | 2.316(1.680~3.193) | <0.001 | 1.871(0.779~4.494) | 0.161 |
| 离婚 | 0.961(0.467~1.980) | 0.915 | 0.944(0.526~1.696) | 0.848 |
| 丧偶 | 1.731(1.405~2.131) | <0.001 | 1.163(1.002~1.351) | 0.047 |
| 变量 | 65~74岁(n=6 478) | ≥75岁(n=2 988) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | |
| 有配偶 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 从未结婚 | 1.953(1.390~2.746) | <0.001 | 1.132(0.673~1.903) | 0.641 |
| 离婚 | 0.891(0.504~1.557) | 0.692 | 1.222(0.598~2.498) | 0.583 |
| 丧偶 | 1.315(1.120~1.545) | 0.001 | 1.470(1.238~1.747) | <0.001 |
Table 4 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the association between marital status and cognitive impairment in older adults by age
| 变量 | 65~74岁(n=6 478) | ≥75岁(n=2 988) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | P值 | OR(95%CI) | P值 | |
| 有配偶 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 从未结婚 | 1.953(1.390~2.746) | <0.001 | 1.132(0.673~1.903) | 0.641 |
| 离婚 | 0.891(0.504~1.557) | 0.692 | 1.222(0.598~2.498) | 0.583 |
| 丧偶 | 1.315(1.120~1.545) | 0.001 | 1.470(1.238~1.747) | <0.001 |
| 变量 | OR值 | 95%CI | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 有配偶且有社会支持 | 1.000 | ||
| 有配偶但无社会支持 | 1.523 | 1.293~1.793 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶但有社会支持 | 1.355 | 1.189~1.545 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶且无社会支持 | 1.777 | 1.500~2.104 | <0.001 |
Table 5 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the association between marital status,social support,and cognitive impairment in older adults
| 变量 | OR值 | 95%CI | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 有配偶且有社会支持 | 1.000 | ||
| 有配偶但无社会支持 | 1.523 | 1.293~1.793 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶但有社会支持 | 1.355 | 1.189~1.545 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶且无社会支持 | 1.777 | 1.500~2.104 | <0.001 |
| 变量 | OR值 | 95%CI | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 有配偶且有健康生活习惯 | 1.000 | ||
| 有配偶但不健康生活习惯 | 1.235 | 1.079~1.413 | 0.002 |
| 无配偶但有健康生活习惯 | 1.229 | 1.075~1.405 | 0.002 |
| 无配偶且不健康生活习惯 | 1.807 | 1.501~2.169 | <0.001 |
Table 6 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the association between marital status,lifestyle,and cognitive impairment in older adults
| 变量 | OR值 | 95%CI | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 有配偶且有健康生活习惯 | 1.000 | ||
| 有配偶但不健康生活习惯 | 1.235 | 1.079~1.413 | 0.002 |
| 无配偶但有健康生活习惯 | 1.229 | 1.075~1.405 | 0.002 |
| 无配偶且不健康生活习惯 | 1.807 | 1.501~2.169 | <0.001 |
| 变量 | OR值 | 95%CI | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 有配偶和有社会支持且健康生活习惯 | 1.000 | ||
| 有配偶和有社会支持但不健康生活习惯 | 1.262 | 1.169~1.363 | 0.002 |
| 有配偶和无社会支持但健康生活习惯 | 1.650 | 1.479~1.841 | <0.001 |
| 有配偶和无社会支持且不健康生活习惯 | 1.777 | 1.575~2.005 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶和有社会支持且健康生活习惯 | 1.284 | 1.189~1.397 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶和有社会支持但不健康生活习惯 | 1.999 | 1.768~2.260 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶和无社会支持但健康生活习惯 | 1.680 | 1.500~1.882 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶和无社会支持且不健康生活习惯 | 2.422 | 2.141~2.740 | <0.001 |
Table 7 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the combined association of marital status,social support,and lifestyle with cognitive impairment
| 变量 | OR值 | 95%CI | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 有配偶和有社会支持且健康生活习惯 | 1.000 | ||
| 有配偶和有社会支持但不健康生活习惯 | 1.262 | 1.169~1.363 | 0.002 |
| 有配偶和无社会支持但健康生活习惯 | 1.650 | 1.479~1.841 | <0.001 |
| 有配偶和无社会支持且不健康生活习惯 | 1.777 | 1.575~2.005 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶和有社会支持且健康生活习惯 | 1.284 | 1.189~1.397 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶和有社会支持但不健康生活习惯 | 1.999 | 1.768~2.260 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶和无社会支持但健康生活习惯 | 1.680 | 1.500~1.882 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶和无社会支持且不健康生活习惯 | 2.422 | 2.141~2.740 | <0.001 |
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