
Chinese General Practice ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (31): 3841-3849.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0931
Special Issue: 睡眠研究最新文章合辑; 老年问题最新文章合辑; 指南/共识最新文章合辑; 老年人群健康最新文章合辑
• Guidelines·Consensus • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:2024-04-25
Revised:2024-05-20
Published:2024-11-05
Online:2024-08-16
基金资助:CLC Number:
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0931
| 不良反应 | 处理措施 |
|---|---|
| 面罩相关症状 | |
| 漏气、结膜炎、不适感、噪声 | 选择合适的面罩及固定方式;适当心理疏导 |
| 皮肤压痕 | 佩戴面罩过程中避免头戴过紧,或者用其他种类、型号的面罩替代;或给予保护皮肤的敷料 |
| 口干 | 给予下颌带避免张口呼吸,或增加温湿化水平,或更换口鼻罩;可酌情减小呼吸机治疗压力或使用其他类型呼吸机 |
| 幽闭恐惧感 | 脱敏治疗;给予心理疏导;或给予鼻枕 |
| 面罩移位 | 设置压力过低报警或提高治疗压力 |
| 鼻部症状 | |
| 鼻塞、充血 | 使用糖皮质激素成分鼻喷剂;如果是过敏性表现,可给予抗组胺药物治疗,同时睡觉前给予鼻腔缩血管剂;鼻腔内滴入0.9%氯化钠溶液、提高加温湿化水平或更换其他面罩 |
| 鼻衄、鼻黏膜干燥、疼痛 | 鼻腔内滴入0.9%氯化钠溶液或给予鼻喷剂,提高呼吸机加温湿化水平或更换其他面罩,提高佩戴舒适度 |
| 其他症状 | |
| 压力不能耐受 | 更换呼吸机型号,调整BiPAP或auto-CPAP模式,设置延时升压,下调治疗压力,或增加辅助治疗措施(减重、侧卧、抬高床头);使用BiPAP模式,具有压力释放功能的呼吸机,或适当减小治疗压力 |
| 腹胀 | 调整体位(保持上半身处于较高水平),治疗胃食管反流病,不可咀嚼口香糖且不能饮用碳酸饮料,正确佩戴面罩 |
Table 1 Adverse effects and management of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
| 不良反应 | 处理措施 |
|---|---|
| 面罩相关症状 | |
| 漏气、结膜炎、不适感、噪声 | 选择合适的面罩及固定方式;适当心理疏导 |
| 皮肤压痕 | 佩戴面罩过程中避免头戴过紧,或者用其他种类、型号的面罩替代;或给予保护皮肤的敷料 |
| 口干 | 给予下颌带避免张口呼吸,或增加温湿化水平,或更换口鼻罩;可酌情减小呼吸机治疗压力或使用其他类型呼吸机 |
| 幽闭恐惧感 | 脱敏治疗;给予心理疏导;或给予鼻枕 |
| 面罩移位 | 设置压力过低报警或提高治疗压力 |
| 鼻部症状 | |
| 鼻塞、充血 | 使用糖皮质激素成分鼻喷剂;如果是过敏性表现,可给予抗组胺药物治疗,同时睡觉前给予鼻腔缩血管剂;鼻腔内滴入0.9%氯化钠溶液、提高加温湿化水平或更换其他面罩 |
| 鼻衄、鼻黏膜干燥、疼痛 | 鼻腔内滴入0.9%氯化钠溶液或给予鼻喷剂,提高呼吸机加温湿化水平或更换其他面罩,提高佩戴舒适度 |
| 其他症状 | |
| 压力不能耐受 | 更换呼吸机型号,调整BiPAP或auto-CPAP模式,设置延时升压,下调治疗压力,或增加辅助治疗措施(减重、侧卧、抬高床头);使用BiPAP模式,具有压力释放功能的呼吸机,或适当减小治疗压力 |
| 腹胀 | 调整体位(保持上半身处于较高水平),治疗胃食管反流病,不可咀嚼口香糖且不能饮用碳酸饮料,正确佩戴面罩 |
| 无创正压通气失败原因 | 处理方法 |
|---|---|
| 患者认知不到位 | 加强医患沟通,滴定前给患者及家属全面讲解OSA的相关知识,争取患者及家属的配合 |
| 面罩选择不当 | 及时调整或改善人机连接方式,滴定前让患者试戴多种面罩,选择最合适的面罩进行佩戴 |
| 滴定时呼吸机模式及压力设定不恰当或人机同步性差 | 对于不能耐受CPAP的老年患者,经过调整仍不能耐受的,可试用BiPAP模式。人机同步性差,可能的原因:一是所用机型因呼吸机的算法同步性差,此时应调整或换用同步触发灵敏度好的呼吸机;二是患者的呼吸与机器的配合度差,应教会患者在佩戴呼吸机时主动地自主呼吸,让呼吸机的同步与自主呼吸一致 |
| 呼吸机治疗中出现的副作用没有得到重视和及时处理 | 滴定后可让患者试戴呼吸机数天,密切观察治疗效果及副作用,及时解释和协助患者调整佩戴过程中的不适;确定治疗方案后,向患者及家属交代随访时间,可适当增加随访密度 |
| 其他睡眠疾病没有得到及时处理,如失眠、不宁腿综合征等 | 及时发现患者共病的其他睡眠疾病,并及时处理,保证患者的睡眠稳定性 |
| 呼吸机使用不熟练 | 向患者及患者家属耐心讲解呼吸机使用方法,让患者家属协助患者完成呼吸机的使用,密切随访 |
| 不良生活习惯,如吸烟、酗酒等 | 加强患者及家属的健康教育,嘱咐患者注意睡眠卫生、规律作息、戒烟酒,保证良好的生活习惯 |
Table 2 Reasons for failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and related treatments
| 无创正压通气失败原因 | 处理方法 |
|---|---|
| 患者认知不到位 | 加强医患沟通,滴定前给患者及家属全面讲解OSA的相关知识,争取患者及家属的配合 |
| 面罩选择不当 | 及时调整或改善人机连接方式,滴定前让患者试戴多种面罩,选择最合适的面罩进行佩戴 |
| 滴定时呼吸机模式及压力设定不恰当或人机同步性差 | 对于不能耐受CPAP的老年患者,经过调整仍不能耐受的,可试用BiPAP模式。人机同步性差,可能的原因:一是所用机型因呼吸机的算法同步性差,此时应调整或换用同步触发灵敏度好的呼吸机;二是患者的呼吸与机器的配合度差,应教会患者在佩戴呼吸机时主动地自主呼吸,让呼吸机的同步与自主呼吸一致 |
| 呼吸机治疗中出现的副作用没有得到重视和及时处理 | 滴定后可让患者试戴呼吸机数天,密切观察治疗效果及副作用,及时解释和协助患者调整佩戴过程中的不适;确定治疗方案后,向患者及家属交代随访时间,可适当增加随访密度 |
| 其他睡眠疾病没有得到及时处理,如失眠、不宁腿综合征等 | 及时发现患者共病的其他睡眠疾病,并及时处理,保证患者的睡眠稳定性 |
| 呼吸机使用不熟练 | 向患者及患者家属耐心讲解呼吸机使用方法,让患者家属协助患者完成呼吸机的使用,密切随访 |
| 不良生活习惯,如吸烟、酗酒等 | 加强患者及家属的健康教育,嘱咐患者注意睡眠卫生、规律作息、戒烟酒,保证良好的生活习惯 |
| [1] |
US Preventive Services Task Force,
|
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
孙力,路荣建,葛成,等. 老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治研究进展[J]. 人民军医,2020,63(2):199-201,204.
|
| [4] |
中华医学会呼吸病学分会睡眠呼吸疾病学组. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治指南(草案)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2002,25(4):195-198. DOI:10.3760/j:issn:1001-0939.2002.04.002.
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
睡眠呼吸暂停与心血管疾病专家共识组. 睡眠呼吸暂停与心血管疾病专家共识[J]. 中华内科杂志,2009,48(12):1059-1067.
|
| [21] |
杨海珍,岳芳,胡克. 老年及体弱老年人群睡眠呼吸障碍的治疗选择[J]. 国际老年医学杂志,2023,44(3):370-373. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7593.2023.03.026.
|
| [22] |
中华医学会呼吸病学分会睡眠呼吸障碍学组. 家庭无创正压通气临床应用技术专家共识[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2017,40(7):481-493. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2017.07.001.
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
中华医学会呼吸病学分会睡眠呼吸障碍学组,李庆云. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者持续气道正压通气临床应用专家共识(草案)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2012,35(1):13-18. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2012.01.008.
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
何权瀛,陈宝元. 睡眠呼吸病学[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.
|
| [33] |
|
| [34] |
李庆云,万欢英,李敏,等. CPAP治疗OSAHS压力滴定方式选择:A、B还是C?[J]. 临床肺科杂志,2007,12(6):597-599. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6663.2007.06.035.
|
| [35] |
|
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
医学名词审定委员会行为医学名词审定分委员会编. 行为医学名词-2022[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2022.
|
| [1] | CHAI Zhihao, ZHANG Weisen, LUO Jiaoling, ZHU Feng, ZHU Tong, JIN Yali, PAN Jing, LU Yingjun, JIANG Chaoqiang. The Mediation Effect of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood Parental Literacy and Cognitive Function in Middle-aged and Older People: Based on Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(21): 2959-2966. |
| [2] | LI Wenping, CHEN Jianhua, XU Jiapei, JIN Xue, PAN Zihan, CHI Chunhua. A Scoping Review on the Empowerment of Community Elderly Health Services by Digital-Intelligent Health Management Platforms [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(21): 2938-2949. |
| [3] | LI Feng, HU Changhao, LUO Xu. Progress in the Study of Influencing Factors and Intervention Strategies of Mental Health in Elderly Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(20): 2816-2828. |
| [4] | PANG Shu, SUN ying, JIANG Chunyan. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Fried's Frailty Phenotype and the FRAIL Scale in Assessing Pre-frailty among Community-dwelling Older Adults Undergoing Health Examinations [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(19): 2664-2670. |
| [5] | China Pharmacological Society Committee on Drug-induced Diseases. Expert Consensus on Medication Therapy for Acid-related Diseases [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(19): 2593-2607. |
| [6] | General Practice Branch of Cross-straits Medicine Exchange Association, General Practice Branch of Zhejiang Medical Association, General Undifferentiated Disease Professional Committee of Zhejiang Society of Mathematical Medicine, Chinese Geriatrics Society. Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Numbness (2025) [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(18): 2433-2449. |
| [7] | LI Simin, ZHANG Tingting, WANG Kunbo, YANG Jianzhou, PING Weiwei. Effects of Exercise Dosage on Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia: a Meta-analysis [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(17): 2400-2409. |
| [8] | CHEN Yan, SHEN Dequan, SHENG Renlei, CHANG Yujie, YANG Jiaqi, DING Jie, SUN Zhifang, WANG Dahui. Influencing Factors and Importance Ranking of the Utilization of Primary-level Traditional Chinese Medicine Preventive and Health Care Services for the Elderly [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(16): 2182-2189. |
| [9] | YU Shan, CHE Yajie, SUBIYINUER· Maimaiti, GUO Kaiyang, FENG Xingxing, YAN Ping. A Comparative Study on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Subjective Cognitive Decline among Urban and Rural Elderly People in Xinjiang [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(16): 2227-2233. |
| [10] | YANG Tingting, ZHENG Li, LIANG Daqiang, WU fan, YUAN Xianxian, WEI lai, HU Jin, WANG Junhua, WANG Ziyun. Association between Sleep Fragmentation and Arteriosclerosis among Population Aged 40-65 Years [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(16): 2190-2197. |
| [11] | LI Jiali, LIU Fan, KE Lixin, LI Huijuan, WANG Haibo, ZHAO Xiaoxiao, ZHAO Xinke, LU Cuncun. Disease Burden of Obesity among Individuals Aged 60 and above Globally and in China from 1990 to 2021: Trend Analysis and Model-based Projection [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(15): 2067-2076. |
| [12] | Community Rehabilitation Working Committee of Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine Association. Chinese Expert Consensus on the Management of Home-based Rehabilitation for Cognitive Impairment (2026 Edition) [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(14): 1793-1802. |
| [13] | JIAO Shuting, ZHAO Yali. A Qualitative Study on the Current Status of Chronic Pruritus Services for the Elderly in Community [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(13): 1682-1687. |
| [14] | XIANG Tong, HUANG Yafang, WU Hao. Investigation Study on Older People's Willingness to Use Webcast Exercise Guidance: Based on the UTAUT Model and the Perceived Risk Theory [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(13): 1720-1725. |
| [15] | LI Jing, JI Yan, SUN Liu, WANG Hanting, WU Jidong, LIU June. Summary of Best Evidence on the Management of Hearing Loss in Older Adults in Primary Health Care Settings [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(13): 1713-1719. |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||