The gradual increase in blood lipid levels is becoming a significant public health concern. The role of diet in the development of dyslipidemia is crucial. Traditional nutritional epidemiology mainly focuses on individual foods or food groups. However, in our daily lives, we do not only consume isolated nutrients or specific foods, which makes it challenging to determine the specific impact of individual dietary components on dyslipidemia. Currently, there is a lack of research both domestically and internationally that investigates the relationship between dietary patterns and dyslipidemia in the population of Southern Jiangxi (Gannan) .

To analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and dyslipidemia in Southern Jiangxi, with the aim of contributing to evidence-based nutritional policies.

Data from the Gannan chronic disease cohort 2020 survey data. A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select research participants among permanent residents aged 35 and above in Southern Jiangxi from July to August 2020. Demographic data were collected through standardized questionnaires and physical examinations. Fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured. Dietary surveys utilized a food frequency questionnaire, and patterns were identified through factor analysis. The patterns were categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on factor scores. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of patterns on dyslipidemia.

The study included 1 508 residents, with a prevalence of dyslipidemia of 36.07% (544/1 508). Residents who consumed adequate amounts of water, did not have a history of hypertension, and had a history of diabetes showed a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (P<0.05). Four dietary patterns were identified: carbohydrate-vegetable-seafood pattern, coarse grain-fruit-dairy pattern, poultry-meat-pickled product pattern, and egg-soy product pattern. Adjusting for confounding factors, the egg-soy pattern was associated with a lower risk (Q2: OR=0.648, 95%CI=0.478-0.879, P=0.005; Q3: OR=0.616, 95%CI=0.454-0.836, P=0.002). Other patterns showed no significant correlation.

The prevalence of dyslipidemia is relatively high among residents in Southern Jiangxi. A higher level of egg-soy product dietary pattern can reduce the risk of dyslipidemia in residents. It is recommended to promote a balanced diet among these residents and encourage the moderate consumption of eggs and soy products.

饮食与血脂异常密切相关，传统的营养流行病学关注单一的食物或食物类别，然而日常生活中并不是只消耗单一的营养素或食物。这使得区分个别饮食成分对血脂异常的影响变得更加困难。目前国内外尚无研究探讨赣南地区居民膳食模式与血脂异常之间的关联。

分析赣南地区≥35岁居民膳食模式和血脂异常患病风险的关联，为制订防治血脂异常营养政策提供科学依据和理论。

数据来源于赣南慢病队列2020年调查数据，于2020年7—8月，采用多阶段随机抽样的方法从赣南地区≥35岁常住居民中选取调查对象。采用问卷调查和体格检查方法收集居民的基本情况（一般资料、行为习惯、疾病史等），检测空腹血糖和血脂水平，并分析比较不同特征居民血脂异常的患病率。采用食物频率问卷简表进行膳食调查，并运用因子分析法提取膳食模式，将每类膳食模式按照因子得分的四分位数由低到高分为4个亚组Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4。使用Logistic回归分析探讨膳食模式与血脂异常患病风险的相关性。

本研究共纳入赣南地区≥35岁居民1 508名，血脂异常患病率为36.07%（544/1508）。饮水量充足、无高血压史、有糖尿病史的居民血脂异常患病率更高（P<0.05）。通过因子分析共提取出赣南地区4种膳食模式，分别为碳水-蔬菜-水产品类、粗粮-水果-奶类、禽畜肉-腌制品类和蛋类-豆制品类。调整混杂因素后的Logistic回归分析结果显示，相较于Q1水平，赣南地区蛋类-豆制品类膳食模式Q2、Q3水平居民血脂异常的患病风险更低（Q2：OR=0.648，95%CI=0.478~0.879，P=0.005；Q3：OR=0.616，95%CI=0.454~0.836，P=0.002），其他膳食模式尚未表现出对血脂异常患病风险的相关性。

赣南地区≥35岁居民血脂异常的患病率较高，较高水平蛋类-豆制品类膳食模式可降低居民血脂异常的患病风险；应倡导赣南地区居民合理膳食，可适当增加蛋类和豆制品的摄入。