Dyslipidemia may be related to the occurrence and development of colorectal tumors. Numerous studies have confirmed that dyslipidemia increases the risk of colorectal adenomas at present; however, the association of dyslipidemia with colorectal serrated lesions and colorectal cancer is still controversial, and there are few relevant reviews in China. This article comprehensively explores the correlation of dyslipidemia with colorectal serrated lesions and colorectal cancer, analyzes the possible causes of controversy, identifies the directions of subsequent researches, and discusses the role of dyslipidemia in the occurrence and progression of colorectal tumors. This article indicates that dyslipidemia is associated with colorectal serrated lesions and colorectal cancer. Dyslipidemia may be involved in the development of colorectal tumors through the interaction of multiple mechanisms such as insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, high-fat diet and immunosuppression. The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing yearly with a relatively slower natural course and more definite precancerous lesions. Therefore, the clarification of correlation between lipid indexes and colorectal tumors can facilitate early prevention and targeted screening of colorectal tumors and provide a reference for formulating targeted prevention strategies for colorectal cancer.

血脂水平异常可能与结直肠肿瘤的发生、发展有关。目前，众多研究证实血脂异常增加了患结直肠腺瘤的风险，然而血脂异常与结直肠锯齿状病变、结直肠癌的关联仍存在争议，并且国内相关综述较少。本文全面探讨了血脂异常与结直肠锯齿状病变、结直肠癌相关性，分析了可能造成争议的原因，指出后续的研究方向，并讨论了血脂异常在结直肠肿瘤发生、发展中发挥的作用，提示血脂异常与结直肠锯齿状病变、结直肠癌有关。血脂异常可能是通过胰岛素抵抗、炎性因子、氧化应激、高脂饮食、免疫抑制等多种机制相互作用参与了结直肠肿瘤的发生、发展。结直肠癌发病率逐年上升，而其具有较缓慢的自然病程和较明确的癌前病变，因此明确血脂指标与结直肠肿瘤的相关性，便于早期预防和有针对性的筛查，为未来制订有针对性的预防结直肠癌策略提供参考。