Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently accompanied with anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and other non-motor symptoms, among which autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment severely impair the quality of life. The relationship between autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment in PD is still controversial.

To analyze the characteristic of autonomic dysfunction and its correlation with cognitive impairment in PD patients.

A total of 156 patients with idiopathic PD admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital between September 2018 and November 2020 were enrolled. General data of patients, including age, sex, duration of disease, age of onset and years of education, were collected. According to the prevalence and duration of autonomic dysfunction, they were divided into autonomic dysfunction group (AutD group, n=107) and non-autonomic dysfunction group (NAutD group, n=49) . The part Ⅲ of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ) was used to assess motor symptoms. The Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) scale was used to assess the severity of PD. The non-motor symptoms were assessed by the Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) . The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression 24-item (HAMD-24) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. The 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) was used to evaluate PD-specific health related quality of life. Autonomic function was evaluated by Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT) . Cognitive function was evaluated by Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) . Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between autonomic function (assessed using the SCOPA-AUT score) and cognitive function (assessed using the MMSE score and MoCA score) .

Among the 156 patients, 83 were male and 73 were female, with a mean age of (63.9±0.7) years. AutD group had greater mean age (t=-4.391, P<0.001) and longer mean duration of PD (Z=-6.947, P<0.001) than NAutD group. AutD group also had higher mean UPDRS-Ⅲscore (t=-8.967) , higher prevalence of moderate-to-severe PD graded by the H-Y scale (χ²=44.350) , higher mean NMSS score (t=-13.707) , HAMA score (t=-3.665) , HAMD-24 score (t=-4.808) , and PDQ-39 score (t=-11.893) (P<0.001) . Digestive symptoms were the most prevalent symptoms (91.7%) , followed by urinary symptoms (91.0%) , dysregulation of body temperature (59.6%) and cardiovascular symptoms (50.0%) , while pupillary dysregulation (12.2%) and sexual dysfunction (5.1%) were less common. Compared to NAutD group, AutD group had lower mean total score of MMSE (Z=-3.826, P<0.001) , total score of MoCA (Z=-2.921, P=0.003) and the mean score of the naming item (Z=-2.868, P=0.004) , mean domain scores of attention (Z=-2.968, P=0.003) , language (Z=-3.546, P<0.001) , and delayed recall (Z=-2.804, P=0.005) . Spearman correlation analysis showed that, the score of SCOPA-AUT (r_s=-0.214, -0.181) , the score of urinary domain (r_s=-0.245, -0.191) and the score of thermoregulatory domain (r_s=-0.215, -0.225) were negatively correlated with the scores of MMSE and MoCA (P<0.05) .

PD patients with autonomic dysfunction have more severe non-motor symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment, and lower quality of life. The incidence of autonomic dysfunction in PD is high, involving multiple systems. And the increase in the severity of autonomic dysfunction is associated with increased severity of cognitive impairment.

帕金森病（PD）常伴有焦虑、抑郁、睡眠障碍、自主神经功能障碍、认知障碍等非运动症状，其中自主神经功能障碍和认知障碍严重影响患者生活质量，目前关于PD患者自主神经功能障碍与认知障碍的关系尚存在争议。

分析PD患者自主神经功能障碍的特征，探讨PD患者自主神经功能障碍与认知障碍的相关性。

选取2018年9月至2020年11月就诊于河南省人民医院的原发性PD患者156例为研究对象，按照自主神经症状表现及持续时间评估有无自主神经功能障碍，分为自主神经功能障碍组（AutD组，n=107）和无自主神经功能障碍组（NAutD组，n=49）。收集患者的一般资料，包括年龄、性别、病程、发病年龄、受教育年限。采用统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分（UPDRS-Ⅲ）评估患者运动症状，根据Hoehn-Yahr（H-Y）分期1~5级评估患者PD严重程度，采用非运动症状评价量表（NMSS）评估患者非运动症状，采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表14项版（HAMA-14）及汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项版（HAMD-24）分别评估患者焦虑和抑郁症状，采用39项帕金森病生活质量问卷（PDQ-39）评估患者日常生活质量，采用自主神经症状量表（SCOPA-AUT）评估患者自主神经功能，采用简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）及蒙特利尔认知量表（MoCA）评价患者认知功能。采用Spearman秩相关分析探讨自主神经功能（SCOPA-AUT评分）与认知功能（MMSE总分和MoCA总分）之间的相关性。

156例原发性PD患者中男83例、女73例，平均年龄（63.9±0.7）岁；AutD组患者年龄（t=-4.391，P<0.001）高于NAutD组，病程（Z=-6.947，P<0.001）长于NAutD组。AutD组患者UPDRS-Ⅲ评分（t=-8.967）、H-Y分期中重度患者所占比例（χ²=44.350）、NMSS评分（t=-13.707）、HAMA-14评分（t=-3.665）、HAMD-24评分（t=-4.808）、PDQ-39评分（t=-11.893）均高于NAutD组（P<0.001）。156例原发性PD患者中消化系统症状发生率（91.7%）最高，其次是泌尿系统症状（91.0%）、体温调节障碍（59.6%）、心血管系统症状（50.0%），发生率较低的是瞳孔调节障碍（12.2%）和性功能障碍（5.1%）。与NAutD组相比，AutD组MMSE总分（Z=-3.826，P<0.001）、MoCA总分（Z=-2.921，P=0.003）及其亚项命名（Z=-2.868，P=0.004）、注意（Z=-2.968，P=0.003）、语言（Z=-3.546，P<0.001）、延迟回忆（Z=-2.804，P=0.005）评分均较低。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示，SCOPA-AUT总分（r_s=-0.214、-0.181）及其泌尿系统评分（r_s=-0.245、-0.191）、体温调节评分（r_s=-0.215、-0.225）与MMSE总分及MoCA总分均呈负相关（P<0.05）。

伴自主神经功能障碍的PD患者焦虑、抑郁、认知障碍等非运动症状及运动症状更严重，生活质量更差；PD患者自主神经症状发生率高，涉及多个系统；PD患者自主神经功能障碍越严重，认知障碍越严重。