Abstract:

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disease. The clinical symptoms of IBS mainly include abdominal pain and abnormal bowel movements. Clinically, IBS is divided into four types, which are caused by environmental and host factors, but the exact pathogenesis is unclear. Clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of IBS are rather tricky. In contrast to functional diarrhea and constipation, the most notable symptom for diagnosing IBS is abdominal pain. The treatments for IBS include non-drug treatment and/or drug treatment. In general, the non-drug treatment is delivered in accordance with the patient's physiology and psychology, including professional guidance, dietary intervention, and psychological counseling. And drug treatment is implemented depending on the specific condition of the patient. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal flora is also involved in the incidence and progression of IBS, and the use of probiotics and intestinal microbiota transplantation may be effective treatments for IBS. This article reviews the latest developments in pathogenesis, treatments, prevention strategies, and possible future research directions regarding IBS.

Key words: Irritable bowel syndrome, Signs and symptoms, Diagnosis, Therapy, Universal precautions

摘要：

肠易激综合征（IBS）是一种胃肠道功能紊乱的慢性疾病，临床症状主要有腹痛和排便异常，临床上将IBS分为4种类型，环境因素和宿主差异是导致IBS的原因，但确切发病机制尚不清楚。IBS的诊断、治疗和预防在临床上均较棘手，需要针对患者的生理和心理采用个性化的治疗方法，具体包括专业指导、饮食干预和心理疏导等。IBS不同于功能性腹泻和功能性便秘的最主要诊断要点为腹痛，治疗方法包括非药物疗法和/或药物疗法，总体来说，IBS的药物治疗主要根据患者的具体情况而定。新进研究表明，肠道菌群也参与了IBS的发生发展，通过使用益生菌以及肠道微生物群移植可能成为治疗IBS的有效措施。本文综述了IBS发生发展的最新机制、目前的治疗方法、预防策略以及未来可能的研究方向。

关键词: 肠易激综合征, 体征和症状, 诊断, 治疗, 综合预防