Abstract: Acute mesenteric ischemia（AMI） is one of the most severe acute abdomens with high mortality.It is difficult to make an early diagnosis of AMI，often，a confirm diagnosis is made when the patient's condition progresses to irreversible intestinal necrosis，or combines with other organ damage，mostly found by an exploratory laparotomy since there are no symptoms and signs specific to AMI.Multi-slice CT scan has proved to be a good imaging modality for AMI diagnosis with high specificity and sensitivity，but for non-obstructive mesenteric ischemia，it is still incapable.As serum biomarkers have not been widely used in the diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia，this article summarizes some traditional biomarkers such as procalcitonin，D-dimer，and L-lactic acid，as well as some emerging biomarkers more sensitively to pathophysiological changes of early mesenteric ischemia，including ischemia-modified albumin（an oxidative stress index），and intestinal fatty acid binding protein（a marker of intestinal injury） and SM22（a kind of muscle protein），to provide assistance for early diagnosis of AMI.

Key words: Mesentery, Acute mesenteric ischemia, Procalcitonin, Ischemia, Reperfusion

摘要： 急性肠系膜缺血是临床上较严重的外科急腹症之一，具有较高的病死率，早期诊断较为困难，患者确诊时病情一般已进展到了肠管壁不可逆性坏死，或合并其他脏器损伤。急性肠系膜缺血的症状及体征一般并不具有特异度，通常在剖腹探查手术时才能明确诊断。多层螺旋CT在急性肠系膜缺血诊断上显示了较高的特异度和灵敏度，但是对于非阻塞性肠系膜缺血的诊断仍较为困难。在临床实践中血清生物学指标在肠系膜缺血的诊断上还没得到广泛应用。本文总结了国内外一些传统的生物学指标如降钙素原、D-二聚体、L-乳酸等，以及一些更加符合早期肠系膜缺血病理生理改变的新兴生物学指标如氧化应激指标缺血修饰白蛋白、肠道细胞损伤标志物肠脂肪酸结合蛋白、肌肉蛋白等，为急性肠系膜缺血的早期诊断提供依据。

关键词: 肠系膜, 急性肠系膜缺血, 降钙素原, 缺血, 再灌注