Abstract: The US Preventive Services Task Force updated its 2014 recommendation statement and issued the latest evidence report and systematic review of screening for cognitive impairment in older adults on JAMA，concluding that due to lack of sufficient evidence，the balance of benefits and harms of screening for cognitive impairment （MCI and mild to moderate dementia） of community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older cannot be determined.More research is needed on the effect of screening and early detection of cognitive impairment.Moreover，a large amount of evidence for long-term follow-up and intervention for cognitive impairment patients and/or their caregivers is needed.In addition，reports on harms of cognitive impairment screening and interventions to participants and reasons for attrition of trial participants should be encouraged.Based on the new recommendation statement and current research status，we overviewed the definition，prevalence，risk and protective factors of cognitive impairment，early cognitive impairment screening instruments and their benefits and harms，and net benefit assessment of screening，treatment and intervention，future research suggestions，as well as the significance of the statement in guiding community-based screening and management of cognitive impairment.

Key words: Cognitive impairment, Statement, Aged, Community, Screening

摘要： 2020-02-25，美国预防服务特别工作组在JAMA上更新了2014年老年人认知障碍筛查推荐声明（简称USPSTF声明），并发布了最新证据报告和系统回顾结果，其认为对于社区居住的65岁及以上老年人认知障碍〔包括轻度认知障碍（MCI）和轻中度痴呆〕筛查目前的证据不足，无法确定筛查的利弊平衡。未来需要更多研究来筛查和早期发现认知障碍，需要对认知障碍患者及照顾者进行长期随访和干预，并应积极报告认知障碍筛查和干预中对试验参与者的危害和人员减少的原因。本文结合USPSTF声明和国内外研究现状，从认知障碍的含义和国内外现状、净效益评估、危险因素和保护因素、早期筛查工具及利弊、治疗和干预、未来研究建议、声明对社区指导意义等方面进行了概述。

关键词: 认知障碍, 声明, 老年人, 社区, 筛查