Community health education is widely recognized as an effective health promotion strategy with low costs and high benefits. Nevertheless, existing research on health education needs lacks an analytical framework based on various community types, making it difficult to fully explain the differentiated and diverse health education needs under the complex population composition of urban communities.

To investigate the health education needs of residents in different types of communities and whether there are significant differences, thereby providing support for community health medical science popularization efforts.

This study was conducted in Hangzhou from April to June 2024, employing a mixed-methods research approach. The qualitative research phase involved purposive sampling to select open-ended interviews from heterogeneous, transformed, homogeneous and system-based community types, aiming to understand residents' perceptions of health education needs. A total of 14 residents were included, along with 21 policy texts to understand the knowledge system residents should possess in health education. Nvivo 12.0 software was utilized to perform a three-level coding of the text data, categorizing health education content needs based on resident perspectives and policy document analysis. Based on the identified themes, a questionnaire was designed. In the quantitative research phase, residents from four community types were selected as survey subjects, and the Likert 5-point scale was used to quantify the needs for health education content. Then, descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, and multivariate Logistic regression models were employed to investigate the degree of these needs and differences in health education content among different community types.

The qualitative research synthesized eight primary themes of health education: major disease prevention and control, healthy lifestyles, maternal and child health, mental health, environmental health, medication health, emergency and safety, and sex education, encompassing 23 specific educational topics. A total of 299 valid questionnaires were collected in the quantitative research, with a response rate of 94.03%. The results highlighted that the highest need is first aid knowledge [5 (4, 5)], followed by cancer prevention and treatment [4 (4, 5)]. Kruskal-Wallis H test results indicated that residents' educational level, income level, and different types of communities had a significant impact on the health education needs (P<0.05). Further multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that different educational levels significantly influenced the needs for diabetes prevention (P<0.05) and life safety education, different income levels significantly affected the needs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease prevention and infectious disease prevention (P<0.05), and different types of communities had significant differences in the needs for natural environmental pollution prevention, infectious disease prevention, diabetes prevention, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease prevention, first aid knowledge, and life safety education (P<0.05).

Residents' perceptions of community health education needs are diverse, influenced by multiple factors such as educational level, income level, and community health resources. Different types of communities should closely align with residents' perceptions of health education needs for precise targeting, while ensuring the effectiveness and equity of educational resources.

社区健康教育作为一种低成本、高效益的健康促进手段受到广泛关注。但当前健康教育需求研究缺乏基于不同社区类型的分析框架，难以充分解释城市社区复杂人口构成下的居民差异性和多样化健康教育需求。

调查不同社区类型居民对健康教育内容的需求及差异，为社区健康医学科普工作提供支持。

研究于2024-04-06在杭州市内展开，采用定性研究与定量研究相结合的方式进行。定性研究层面，通过目的抽样法在杭州市内选取异质型、转制型、均质型和并制型社区居民作为访谈对象（n=14）进行开放式访谈，了解居民对社区健康教育需求的认知；同时纳入21份政策文本，以了解居民在健康教育方面应具备的知识体系。运用Nvivo 12.0软件对文本资料进行三级编码，归类出基于居民观点和政策文件分析的健康教育内容需求。结合归纳的需求主题，设计调查问卷。定量研究层面，在杭州市选取四类社区居民作为问卷调查对象，结合Likert 5级量表对居民的健康教育内容需求进行量化。采用描述性统计、非参数检验和多因素Logistic回归模型探索不同社区类型居民对健康教育内容的需求程度及其差异性。

定性研究共整合出基于居民观点的八大健康教育主题及其23项具体教育内容，八大健康教育主题分别为：重大疾病防治、健康生活方式、妇幼健康、心理健康、环境健康、药物健康、安全应急健康、性教育。定量研究共回收有效问卷299份，问卷有效回收率为94.03%。居民认为需求度最高的健康教育内容为急救知识科普[5（4，5）分]，其次为癌症防治教育[4（4，5）分]。Kruskal-Wall H检验结果显示，不同文化程度、收入水平及所在社区类型居民的健康教育需求有差异（P<0.05）。进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析发现，居民的文化程度对糖尿病防治、生命安全教育需求有影响（P<0.05），收入水平对心脑血管疾病防治、传染性疾病防治教育需求有影响（P<0.05），所在社区类型对自然环境污染防治教育、传染性疾病防治教育、糖尿病防治教育、心脑血管疾病防治教育、急救知识科普和生命安全教育需求有影响（P<0.05）。

居民的社区健康教育需求有差异，受居民文化程度和收入水平、社区健康资源等多重因素的交互影响。不同类型社区应紧密围绕居民对健康教育需求的认知，进行精准定位，同时确保教育资源的有效性和公平性。