Abstract: Background　Training for managers and medical professionals in rural primary care institutions is an important action to achieve the "Healthy China 2030" strategic goals.Although a large number of training programs have been implemented，the research on effectiveness evaluation of such programs is very limited.Objective　To evaluate the implementation effectiveness of the management training module of the "Spring Seedling Project" Zhaotong program.Methods　Managers（n=150） of township/community health centers，Zhaotong who received the training with "Spring Seedling Project" Zhaotong program between June 2015 and December 2016 were enrolled.The program consists of two parts：Zhaotong face-to-face theoretical training（5 days），and Shanghai practical training（2 weeks）.The face-to-face theoretical training effectiveness was measured by quantitative analysis of trainees' pre- and post-training examination scores，and practical training effectiveness was measured by qualitative analysis of trainees' practical training reports.Results　Of the 150 trainees〔mean age（38.6±6.8） years；130（86.7%） men〕，147 completed the written examination before and after the Zhaotong face-to-face training，and their average examination score after training was higher than that before the training〔（65.9±8.8） vs （57.0±8.3），t=11.945，P<0.001〕.Essential characteristics showed no significant association with the improvement in the score in the trainees（P>0.05）.The practical training reports were analyzed to the point of saturation.Altogether，13 reports were included，in which the trainees expressed that through practical training，their management views had been widened，and they would appropriately apply what they had learned in Shanghai to the practice in Zhaotong.Conclusion　As an increased training form for Chinese rural primary care managers，the Zhaotong program has achieved remarkable results，which may deserve to be studied.Similar trainings are suggested to be implemented by other rural areas based on appropriate modification of the training program according to the local conditions with practical training opportunities provided.

Key words: Education, medical；Administrators；Rural health；Primary health care；Case study

摘要： 背景　农村地区基层医疗卫生机构和人员培训是实现“健康中国2030”战略的重要一环，与庞大的培训数量相比，针对实施效果的评估却极为有限。目的　分析和总结“春苗计划”昭通站基层医疗卫生机构管理人员培训版块的实施效果。方法　以2015年6月—2016年12月参加“春苗计划”昭通站培训的乡镇卫生院或社区卫生服务中心管理人员为研究对象（n=150）。培训分昭通面授（5 d）和上海实训（2周）两阶段实施。定量分析昭通面授学员的考核成绩，定性分析上海实训学员的实训报告。结果　150例参培学员的平均年龄为（38.6±6.8）岁，男 130例（86.7%）。147例参培学员完成了昭通面授培训前和培训后的笔试，培训后平均成绩高于培训前〔（65.9±8.8）分比（57.0±8.3）分，t=11.945，P<0.001）〕。不同特征参培人员的培训前后成绩提升比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。以信息饱和为原则，共定性分析13份实训报告，结果显示：上海实训拓宽了参培人员的管理思路，且参培人员表示将结合昭通实际情况学以致用。结论　“春苗计划”昭通站拓宽了中国农村地区基层医疗卫生机构管理人员的培训形式，取得明显效果的同时也具有借鉴意义。建议拟在农村地区开展的同类培训项目，应充分结合当地实际需要设计培训方案，并提供基于实践的培训机会。

关键词: 教育, 医学, 管理人员, 农村卫生, 初级卫生保健, 案例研究