Abstract: Cervical cancer and breast cancer are two most common malignant tumors among Chinese women，which seriously damage their health.To reduce the morbidity and mortality of cervical and breast cancer，China launched the national cervical and breast cancer screening program in 2009，and promotes the screening actively，and the screening becomes available at the national level from 2016 onwards.Based on the field survey of the implementation of the "two cancer screening" project in the rural areas of a city in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2017，this paper summarizes the problems in the implementation of the project as follows：some rural women lack knowledge and social support of "two cancer"；geographical traffic factors，screening time and place arrangement，distrust of medical institutions affect women's participation in screening；some areas lack of screening atmosphere.It is proposed that in order to promote the development of this work，village doctors should take part in the launch，multiple means of repeated propaganda and stimulation，inform the screening results on the spot and timely return the follow-up results，and avoid recommending unnecessary follow-up services.

Key words: Breast neoplasms, Uterine cervical neoplasms, Rural health, Women's health, National Cervical and Breast Screening Program

摘要： 宫颈癌与乳腺癌是我国妇女高发的恶性肿瘤，严重影响妇女健康。为降低宫颈癌与乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率，我国从2009年开始积极实施与推广“两癌筛查”项目，并于2016年全面铺开。本文基于对湖南省某市农村地区2016—2017年“两癌筛查”项目实施情况的实地调研，总结项目实施中的问题为：部分农村妇女缺乏“两癌”知识和社会支持，地理交通因素、筛查时间场所安排、对医疗机构的不信任影响妇女参与筛查，部分地区缺乏筛查氛围。提出采取村医参与发动、多重手段反复宣传刺激、当场告知筛查结果和及时回报后续结果、避免推荐非必要的后续服务等对策，以期为该项工作的开展发挥推动作用。

关键词: 乳腺肿瘤, 宫颈肿瘤, 农村卫生, 妇女卫生, 两癌筛查