Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis （IPH） is a rare，long-term disease caused by pulmonary capillary exudation，hematolysis，and hemosiderin deposition in the lung.Common clinical symptoms are repeated cough，hemoptysis，shortness of breath，anemia，etc.Physical signs can be pale complexion，low-pitched breath sound，tachycardia，hepatosplenomegaly，clubbed fingers，jaundice，etc.Long-term repeated bleeding results in thickening of alveolar basement membrane，and ultimately leads to interstitial fibrosis.Currently，the etiology and pathogenesis of IPH are still unknown.This paper introduces 3 cases of pediatric IPH with anemia as the main symptom but without typical respiratory symptoms and all were misdiagnosed at admission.Combined with literature review，it enables clinicians to further understand the disease，thereby reducing the possibilities of misdiagnosis.

Key words: Hemosiderosis, Pulmonary fibrosis, Child, Diagnostic errors

摘要： 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症（IPH）是一种病程长的罕见病，是因肺部毛细血管渗血、血红蛋白溶解、含铁血黄素沉积肺部而导致。常见临床症状为反复咳嗽、咯血、气促、贫血等，体征可有面色苍白、呼吸音低、心动过速、肝脾大、杵状指、黄疸等。长期反复出血，从而导致肺泡基底膜增厚，最终可导致肺间质纤维化，目前病因及发病机制不明。本文通过介绍3例以贫血为主要症状的无典型呼吸道症状且入院时均误诊的IPH，并结合文献分析，从而使临床医生能够进一步了解该病，减少误诊。

关键词: 含铁血黄素沉着症, 肺纤维化, 儿童, 误诊