Abstract: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia （HIT） refers to the thrombocytopenia,with or without thrombosis,caused by the use of heparin or low molecular heparin.Heparin or low molecular heparin is widely used in clinic,and the incidence rate of HIT is about 0.2% to 5.0% when they are continuously used for more than 4 days.The paper analysed the clinical data of a pulmonary embolism patient who appeared thrombocytopenia for many times in the treatment process when using low molecular heparin,reviewed related literatures,and analysed the pathogenesis,clinical features,diagnosis and prevention measures of HIT.

Key words: Thrombocytopenia, Heparin,low-molecular-weight, Pulmonary embolism, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, Therapy

摘要： 肝素诱导血小板减少症（HIT）是指使用肝素或低分子肝素后引起的血小板减少，伴或不伴血栓形成。肝素或低分子肝素在临床应用广泛，连续使用超过4 d时HIT的发病率为0.2%～5.0%。本文分析1例肺栓塞患者在使用低分子肝素治疗过程中多次出现血小板减少的临床资料，并结合相关文献进行复习，分析HIT的发病机制、临床特征、诊断依据及防治措施。

关键词: 血小板减少, 肝素,低分子量, 肺栓塞, 肝素诱导血小板减少症, 治疗