Abstract: Background Strengthening health management services for key populations such as the elderly and children is a critical responsibility of primary healthcare institutions. However, there has been no large-scale or systematic analysis of the current service offerings and institutional characteristics at these facilities. Objective Gain insights into real-world pediatric healthcare utilization in primary care settings by analyzing actual service data, thereby enabling precise planning for capacity development based on genuine needs. Methods De-identified outpatient data from 12 community health service centers in Wuhou District, Chengdu, covering individuals aged 0 to 17 (based on age at visit date) from January to December, 2025, were collected. Data included age, gender, visit time, facility, department, physician, and diagnosis. Analysis was conducted using ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) classification rules. Patients were divided into five age subgroups: 0 to 2 years (206 351 cases), 3 to 5 years (87 172 cases), 6 to 11 years (109 474 cases), 12 to 14 years (27 512 cases), and 15 to 17 years (16 149 cases). Statistical analyses were performed using Excel functions. Diagnoses accounting for more than 0.1% of total visits were ranked and analyzed for patterns. Results A total of 469 602 original visits were included, with 446 658 diagnosed cases involving 124 777 patients. Overall healthcare demands were relatively simple, with 92.37% (412 562/446 658) of visits involving one or two diagnoses per encounter. In terms of timing and location, November had the highest number of visits (58 093, 12.4%), and institutions located outside the second and third urban rings accounted for the majority (360 230 visits, 80.65%). Age-wise, children aged 0 to 2 years constituted the largest group (206 351 visits, 46.20%), while those aged 12 and above represented only 9.78% (43 683 visits). The most visited departments were Preventive Medicine and Health Care (248 791 visits, 55.70%) and General Outpatient Clinics (162 944 visits, 36.48%). Top five diagnoses were vaccinations (173 693 visits, 38.89%), acute respiratory infections (77 565 visits, 17.37%), general medical examinations/screenings/medical certifications (76 357 visits, 17.10%), traditional Chinese medicine diagnoses (22 603 visits, 5.06%), and vitamin or nutritional deficiencies (24 059 visits, 5.39%). Other issues such as consultations, symptom documentation, digestive disorders, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, eczema, and follow-up concerns spanned the entire developmental period of minors. The ranking and characteristics of health issues varied across different age subgroups. Conclusion Current pediatric healthcare needs observed in primary care settings appear relatively straightforward, indicating substantial room for service expansion. Beyond achieving baseline capability standards, efforts should shift toward optimizing patient experience. Regarding resource allocation, it is recommended to adopt a strategy of "increased staffing during autumn and winter" and "prioritizing outer urban areas". In terms of capacity building, emphasis should be placed on developing clinical capabilities that address conditions throughout minors' growth and development cycle, along with comprehensive health management skills. By improving diagnostic quality and efficiency, as well as parental caregiving abilities, we can comprehensively promote and maintain healthy development and effective disease management across the entire lifespan of minors.

Key words: Minors, Children, Urban community health services, Outpatient services

摘要： 背景 强化“一老一小”等重点人群健康管理服务是基层医疗机构的重要任务，但基层医疗机构目前提供的服务内容和机构特征尚未有大样本和系统性的分析。目的 通过真实世界数据洞察基层未成年人健康服务接诊情况，通过对比实际需求，精准规划基层未成年人能力建设方向。方法 收集2025年1—12月于成都市武侯区12家社区卫生服务机构0~17岁（以就诊日期的年龄为准）人群脱敏后的门诊数据，包括年龄、性别、就诊时间、就诊机构、就诊科室、就诊医生、当次诊断等，按照国际疾病分类第十版（ICD-10）分级分类规则进行数据分析；同时按年龄分为0~2岁(206 351例 )、3~5岁(87 172例 )、6~11 岁 (109 474 例 )、12~14 岁 (27 512 例 )、15~17 岁 (16 149 例 )5 个亚组，用 EXCEL 函数工具进行数据统计。以触发诊断占比 >0.1% 的诊断数据进行顺位和特征分析。结果 本次纳入原始就诊数据 469 602 条，有诊断记录 446 658 条，涉及就诊人数 124 777 人，整体就诊需求较为单纯，单次 1~2 个诊断占 92.37%（412 562/446 658）。在就诊时间和空间特征方面，11 月份（58 093 人次，12.4%）, 二、三环外的机构接诊次数占比较高（共 360 230 人次，占 80.65%）；在年龄特征方面，0~2 岁段（206 351 人次，占 46.20%）是基层就诊次数的主要人群，12 岁以后较少（共 43 683 人次，占 9.78%）；在接诊科室方面，预防保健科（248 791 人次，55.70%）和全科门诊最高（162 944 人次，36.48%）；在诊断分布方面，常见诊断（顺位前 5 位）为预防接种（173 693 人次，38.89%）、急性呼吸道感染（77 565人次，17.37%）、一般性医学检查 / 筛查 / 医学证明（76 357 人次，17.10%）、中医诊断（22 603人次，5.06%）、维生素或营养元素缺乏（24 059 人次，5.39%），其他如咨询、症状记录、消化系统疾病、结膜炎、皮炎和湿疹和需要随访的问题贯穿整个未成年人生长发发育周期；就诊顺位和特征性健康问题在不同年龄亚组不同。结论 目前基层真实就诊的未成年人问题或健康需求相对单纯，有较大的健康服务拓展空间，在“能力达标”的基础上向“体验优化”升级。在基层未成年人健康服务资源方面建议按“秋冬增配、城区外围倾斜”的原则优化资源。在基层健康服务能力方面需关注贯穿整个未成年人生长发发育周期的临床诊疗能力和维护健康发育的整体健康管理能力的培养，从而通过提高诊疗质量、效率与家长照护能力，综合促进和维护未成年人全生长周期的发育健康和疾病问题处理。

关键词: 未成年人, 儿童, 城市社区卫生服务, 门诊