Multimorbidity-the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions in one individual-has become a major public-health challenge in ageing societies. Its treatment, rehabilitation management and control depend heavily on primary health care services, including basic medical services, and its complexity raises the bar for primary health care capacity. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed mainland-China studies from 2009 to 2025 on multimorbidity conducted in general-practice and primary health care settings, summarized their developmental stages, research hotspots and intervention practices of relevant research, and used a SWOT framework to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of general practice in this research field. The review shows that multimorbidity research in China has broadly evolved through four stages: concept introduction, descriptive research, intervention exploration and integrated management. A community-based research framework that considers both service supply and patient needs has begun to take shape. However, important gaps remain in high-quality intervention evidence, standardized guideline development, integrated information systems and professional workforce support. Future priorities should include high-quality primary health care data platforms and integrated-care models that move primary-level chronic disease management from single-disease prevention and control toward syndemic management practice for multimorbidity and clinical healthcare-preventive medicine integration.

慢性病共病是指个体同时存在两种或两种以上慢性病的健康状况，已成为老龄化社会面临的重大公共卫生挑战。对慢性病共病的治疗、康复管理与防控高度依赖初级卫生保健体系，其中包括基本医疗服务；其病情的复杂性对初级卫生保健服务能力提出了更高要求。本文遵循系统评价和荟萃分析优先报告的条目（PRISMA）指南，系统回顾了2009—2025年在中国大陆地区全科医学与初级卫生保健背景下开展的慢性病共病研究，梳理其发展阶段、研究热点与干预实践，并运用态势分析框架，深入探讨全科医学在该研究领域的优势、劣势、机遇与挑战。结果显示，我国共病研究大致经历了"概念引入—描述研究—干预探索—整合管理"四个发展阶段，初步形成了以社区为平台、兼顾服务供给与患者需求的研究框架。然而，当前研究在高质量干预证据、标准化指南制定、整合式信息系统及共病专业人才支撑方面仍存在明显不足。未来应着力加强高质量的基层数据平台建设，深化整合型共病医疗照护策略研究，推动基层慢性病管理由"单病防控"向"多病协同管理"转变，并进一步促进医防深度融合。