Chinese General Practice ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (33): 4868-4875.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0514

• Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Association between Body Weight Change and Risk of New-onset Hyperuricemia in Adults Undergoing Health Examinations

  

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
    2. Health Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
  • Received:2025-12-22 Revised:2026-08-11 Published:2026-11-20 Online:2026-10-21
  • Contact: MENG Fanli

健康体检成人不同体质量变化与新发高尿酸血症的关联

  

  1. 1.571199 海南省海口市,海南医科大学公共卫生学院
    2.570102 海南省海口市,海南医科大学第一附属医院健康管理中心
  • 通讯作者: 孟凡莉
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    文俊欣提出研究思路,设计研究方案,数据分析,论文撰写与修改;石挺皇负责数据分析,论文审阅与修改;秦庆新、梁妍语负责数据采集与整理,数据清洗;孟凡莉负责研究设计,最终版本修订,对文章整体负责,监督管理,论文经费支持。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(72364013); 海南省自然科学基金资助项目(824RC549); 海南省人文医学研究基地项目(QRYPT202201)

Abstract:

Background

Hyperuricemia (HUA) has become a common metabolic disease in China. Although obesity is an established independent risk factor for HUA, previous studies have mainly focused on static body weight indicators. Evidence on the impact of dynamic body weight changes on HUA risk and its population heterogeneity remains limited.

Objective

To explore the association between dynamic body weight changes and the risk of new-onset hyperuricemia in adults undergoing health examinations, providing a scientific basis for formulating personalized prevention strategies.

Methods

A total of 18 179 adult participants who underwent health examinations at least twice between January 2015 and May 2025 at the Health Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University were enrolled. Baseline was defined as the first examination, and the follow-up endpoint was new-onset HUA or the last follow-up. Body weight change was defined as the percentage change from baseline to follow-up endpoint and categorized into five groups: significant weight loss (body weight change≤-5.0%), modest weight loss (-5.0%< body weight change≤-1.0%), stable weight (-1.0%< body weight change <1.0%), modest weight gain (1.0%≤body weight change <5.0%), and significant weight gain (body weight change≥5.0%). Demographic characteristics, physical examination indicators, and laboratory test results were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the association between body weight change and new-onset HUA. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was applied to fit the dose-response relationship between body weight change percentage and HUA risk. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed by sex, age, and baseline BMI. Furthermore, joint effect analysis was conducted to clarify the combined influence of sex, age, baseline BMI, and body weight change on HUA risk.

Results

During a total follow-up of 52 016 person-years, with a mean follow-up of (2.88±2.11) years, 2 686 new HUA cases were identified, with an incidence density of 51.64 per 1 000 person-years. Multivariate Logistic regression models showed that, compared with the stable weight group, significant weight loss was associated with a 38.2% lower risk of HUA (OR=0.618, 95%CI=0.489-0.782, P<0.01), while significant weight gain was associated with a 42.8% higher risk (OR=1.428, 95%CI=1.192-1.711, P<0.01). No evidence of a nonlinear association between percentage body weight change and HUA risk was observed (Pnonlinear=0.631). Significant interactions existed between body weight change and sex, age, and baseline BMI (P<0.01). Joint effect analysis further confirmed that the protective effect of substantial body weight loss on HUA was more prominent in females (OR=0.167, 95%CI=0.105-0.266), non-overweight/non-obese individuals (baseline BMI<24.0 kg/m2)(OR=0.569, 95%CI=0.377-0.860) and people aged 18-<40 years (OR=0.418, 95%CI=0.263-0.663)(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Significant body weight gain is associated with increased HUA risk, while significant body weight loss is associated with decreased risk. This association exhibits heterogeneity by sex, age, and baseline BMI. Differentiated weight management strategies tailored to different populations should be implemented to effectively reduce HUA incidence.

Key words: Body weight change, Hyperuricemia, Retrospective cohort study, Health examination, Logistic regression model

摘要:

背景

高尿酸血症(HUA)已成为我国常见的代谢性疾病之一。肥胖是其独立危险因素,但既往研究多聚焦静态体质量指标,体质量动态变化对HUA发病风险的影响及人群异质性证据仍较有限。

目的

探讨成年健康体检人群体质量动态变化与HUA发病风险的关联,为制订个性化预防策略提供依据。

方法

选取2015年1月—2025年5月海南医科大学第一附属医院健康管理中心体检次数≥2次的18 179例成年体检者为研究对象。以首次体检为基线,随访终点为新发HUA或末次随访时间。体质量变化定义为基线至随访终点体质量变化百分比,分为显著减重组(体质量变化≤-5.0%)、轻度减重组(-5.0%<体质量变化≤-1.0%)、体质量稳定组(-1.0%<体质量变化<1.0%)、轻度增重组(1.0%≤体质量变化<5.0%)和显著增重组(体质量变化≥5.0%)。收集研究对象基线及随访期间的人口学特征、体格检查指标及实验室检查指标,采用Logistic回归模型分析体质量变化与新发HUA的关联;运用限制性立方样条回归模型拟合体质量变化百分比与HUA发病风险的剂量-反应关系;按性别、年龄及基线BMI进行亚组分析,检验上述因素与体质量变化的交互作用;进一步通过联合效应分析,明确性别、年龄、基线BMI与体质量变化对HUA发病风险的联合影响。

结果

总计随访时间为52 016人年,平均随访(2.88±2.11)年,新发HUA 2 686例,发病密度为51.64/1 000人年。多因素Logistic回归模型显示,与体质量稳定组相比:显著减重组HUA发病风险降低38.2%(OR=0.618,95%CI=0.489~0.782,P<0.01),显著增重组HUA发病风险增加42.8%(OR=1.428,95%CI=1.192~1.711,P<0.01)。限制性立方样条回归显示,体质量变化百分比与HUA发病风险之间不存在非线性趋势(P非线性=0.631)。性别、年龄、基线BMI与体质量变化对HUA发病风险存在交互作用(P<0.01);联合效应分析进一步证实,女性(OR=0.167,95%CI=0.105~0.266)、非超重/肥胖(基线BMI<24.0 kg/m2)(OR=0.569,95%CI=0.377~0.860)及18~<40岁(OR=0.418,95%CI=0.263~0.663)人群中,显著减重对HUA发病风险的保护作用更为突出(P<0.05)。

结论

显著增重与HUA发病风险升高相关,显著减重与风险降低相关,且该关联存在性别、年龄及基线BMI的人群异质性。应针对不同人群制订差异化体质量管理策略。

关键词: 体质量变化, 高尿酸血症, 回顾性队列研究, 健康体检, Logistic回归模型