Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (31): 3924-3931.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0019

• Original Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Associations of Fasting Blood Glucose with All-cause Mortality and Specific-cause Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study

  

  1. Department of Chronic Disease Monitoring, Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Guizhou Centetion and Control for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
  • Received:2025-03-06 Revised:2025-06-30 Published:2025-11-05 Online:2025-09-23
  • Contact: LIU Tao

空腹血糖水平与全因死亡和特定原因死亡风险的前瞻性队列研究

  

  1. 550004 贵州省贵阳市,贵州省疾病预防控制中心慢性病防治研究所监测科
  • 通讯作者: 刘涛
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    张骥提出主要研究目标,负责数据统计,构思并撰写论文;周婕、李凌、吴延莉、吉维负责数据收集;周婕、吴延莉协助整理数据和统计学处理;刘涛负责文章的质量控制与审查,对论文整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2018〕2819); 贵州省卫生健康委省级重点建设学科项目

Abstract:

Background

There are inconsistencies in the conclusions about the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and all-cause and specific-cause mortality among adults in previous studies, so it is necessary to be further explored.

Objective

To analyze the association between FBG level and the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer-related mortality in adults, providing dependable theoretical basis for the prevention and control of priority diseases.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study, and the cohort was established in November 2010. A total of 9 280 residents aged 18 years or older who had lived at least 6 months per year in 12 counties (cities and districts) of Guizhou Province were selected for baseline survey. All participants in the baseline survey were followed up in 2020 and 2023, respectively.Participants were assigned into four groups based on their baseline FBG level: low fasting glucose (LFG) , normal fasting glucose (NFG) , impaired fasting glucose (IFG) , diabetes (DM) , the number of participants in each group is 437, 6 210, 2 035, 427, respectively. COX proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for evaluating the association between FBG and risk of all-cause mortality, specific-cause mortality. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to analysis the dose-response relationship. Subgroup analysis was carried out with different characteristic including sex, age and BMI.

Results

A total of 9 109 subjects were included in this study, and 589 deaths occurred during a median follow-up period of 11.69 years. COX proportional hazard regression analysis showed that after adjusting for related confounding factors, the risk of all-cause mortality increased by 10% for every 1-unit increase in FBG (HR=1.10, 95%CI=1.06-1.15) , especially, comparing with NFG, with DM significant increased the risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.59, 95%CI=1.18-2.17) and cancer-related mortality (HR=2.16, 95%CI=1.03-4.49) , respectively.Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a linear dose-response relationship between FBG and the risk of all-cause mortality and cancer-related mortality. Subgroup analysis showed that the all-cause mortality was increasing in female (HR=2.01, 95%CI=1.27-3.20) , ≥45 years old (HR=1.57, 95%CI=1.13-2.16) , BMI<24.0 kg/m2 (HR=1.45, 95%CI=1.11-2.43) , BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 (HR=1.67, 95%CI=1.01-2.76) with DM, cancer-related mortality was increased only in female (HR=2.39, 95%CI=1.11-5.14) , ≥45 years old (HR=6.62, 95%CI=1.61-9.76) , BMI<24.0 kg/m2 (HR=2.69, 95%CI=1.11-6.52) with DM.

Conclusion

FBG level was linearly positively correlated with mortality, DM increased the risk of all-cause mortality and cancer-related mortality, effective measures should be taken to control blood glucose at an ideal level.

Key words: All-cause mortality, Specific-cause mortality, Fasting blood glucose, Prospective study, Cohort study

摘要:

背景

既往研究关于空腹血糖(FBG)和成人全因死亡和特定原因死亡的关联结论不一致,需进一步探讨。

目的

探讨FBG水平与成人全因死亡、心血管疾病死亡和恶性肿瘤死亡风险的关系,为重点疾病防控提供理论依据。

方法

本研究为前瞻性队列研究,队列于2010年11月建立,在贵州省12个县(市、区)抽取9 280名在该地每年居住≥6个月的18岁及以上居民作为研究对象开展基线调查,分别于2020年和2023年对所有参与基线调查的人员进行随访。根据基线FBG水平将研究对象分为4组:低血糖组(LFG)、正常血糖组(NFG)、血糖受损组(IFG)、糖尿病组(DM),各组人数分别为437、6 210、2 035、427名。采用COX比例风险模型分析FBG水平与成人全因死亡、特定原因死亡风险的关系,计算风险比(HR)及95%可信区间(95%CI),并利用限制性立方样条分析FBG与死因的剂量-反应关系,同时根据研究对象的不同特征进行亚组分析。

结果

共纳入9 109名研究对象,中位随访时间为11.69年,随访期间发生589例死亡。COX比例风险回归分析显示:在调整相关混杂因素后,FBG每增加1 mmol/L,全因死亡风险增加10%(HR=1.10,95%CI=1.06~1.15);与NFG比较,DM增加了全死因风险(HR=1.59,95%CI=1.18~2.17)和恶性肿瘤死亡风险(HR=2.16,95%CI=1.03~4.49)。限制性立方样条分析结果表明,FBG水平与全因死亡及恶性肿瘤死亡风险呈线性剂量-反应关系。亚组分析显示,女性(HR=2.01,95%CI=1.27~3.20)、≥45岁(HR=1.57,95%CI=1.13~2.16)、BMI<24.0 kg/m2HR=1.45,95%CI=1.11~2.43)、BMI≥24.0 kg/m2HR=1.67,95%CI=1.01~2.76)的DM全因死亡风险均增加,女性(HR=2.39,95%CI=1.11~5.14)、≥45岁(HR=6.62,95%CI=1.61~9.76)、BMI<24.0 kg/m2HR=2.69,95%CI=1.11~6.52)的DM恶性肿瘤死亡风险增加。

结论

FBG水平与死亡呈线性正相关,DM增加全因死亡和恶性肿瘤死亡风险,应采取有效措施将血糖有效控制在理想水平。

关键词: 全因死亡, 特定原因死亡, 空腹血糖, 前瞻性研究, 队列研究