Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (22): 2791-2797.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0488

• Original Research·Focus on Body Index and Health Relationship • Previous Articles    

Association between Body Mass Index and Mortality among Older Chinese: a Cohort Study

  

  1. 1. Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
    2. School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • Received:2024-09-15 Revised:2025-01-11 Published:2025-08-05 Online:2025-06-30
  • Contact: MA Qing

中国老年人体重指数和死亡的相关性:一项队列研究

  

  1. 1.100050 北京市,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院老年医学科
    2.100069 北京市,首都医科大学全科医学与继续教育学院
  • 通讯作者: 马清
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    石小天负责研究的设计与实施、数据处理及统计分析、结果关键性解释及论文撰写;王珊、杨华昱负责研究的设计、数据质量控制及论文修改;杨一帆、李旭负责资料的收集整理;马清负责论文的修改与最终版本修订、对文章整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2022-2-2028)

Abstract:

Background

Obesity is a significant public health issue, as obesity and being overweight are risk factors for various chronic diseases. However, the "obesity paradox" proposed in recent years has garnered widespread attention. The relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and mortality in the elderly remains unclear.

Objective

To explore the impact of BMI on mortality in the elderly in China.

Methods

The demographic features, BMI, chronic diseases and laboratory tests among the elderly at ages of 60 years and greater were recruited from April 2015 to December 2015. The patients were followed up with a cut-off date of April 30, 2024, with all-cause mortality and death from cardiovascular causes as the endpoint events. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the association between BMI and the risk of death.

Results

Otally 599 subjects were enrolled, including 477 men (79.6%) and an average age of (77±8) years. There were 18 subjects (3.0%) with underweight, 273 (45.6%) with overweight and 87 (14.5%) with obesity. During the follow-up period (8.81 years) , 158 subjects died. Restricted cubic splines revealed a U-shaped association between BMI and mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed an increased risk of all-causes mortality among the underweight elderly (HR=2.76, 95%CI=1.37-5.55) after adjustment for age, gender, chronic diseases, and so on. Additionally, a low BMI is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular event mortality in the elderly (HR=5.55, 95%CI=1.83-16.78) . However, no association was observed between overweight and obesity and death.

Conclusion

The relationship between BMI and mortality forms a U-shaped curve, with underweight being an independent risk factor for mortality in the elderly. No association has been found between being overweight/obese and an increased risk of mortality. Therefore, attention should be given to weight management in the elderly.

Key words: Obesity, Aged, Body mass index, Obesity paradox, Mortality risk, Cox regression

摘要:

背景

肥胖是重要的公共卫生问题,肥胖和超重是多种慢性疾病的危险因素,然而,近年来提出的"肥胖悖论"引起广泛关注,BMI和老年人死亡的关系尚不清楚。

目的

分析中国老年人BMI对死亡风险的影响。

方法

收集2015年4—12月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院医疗保健中心行健康体检≥60岁老年人的一般资料、实验室检查资料、随访资料等,2024年3—4月完成随访,采用终点事件随访,随访截止时间为2024-04-30。随访主要终点事件为全因死亡,次要终点事件为心血管事件相关死亡。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析老年人BMI与死亡风险的关联。

结果

共纳入599例老年人,男477例(79.6%),平均年龄(77±8)岁;根据BMI分为低体重组18例(3.0%),正常组221例(36.9%),超重组273例(45.6%),肥胖组87例(14.5%),中位随访时间为8.81年,截至随访结束,共有158例(26.4%)死亡。限制性立方样条图显示,BMI和死亡风险呈U型曲线。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,调整年龄、性别、基础疾病等变量后,与体重正常相比,体重过低老年人的全因死亡风险升高(HR=2.76,95%CI=1.37~5.55),此外,低BMI是老年人心血管事件死亡的独立危险因素(HR=5.55,95%CI=1.83~16.78),未观察到超重及肥胖对死亡的影响(P>0.05)。

结论

BMI和死亡的关系呈U型曲线,低体重是老年人全因死亡及心血管事件死亡的独立危险因素,未发现超重/肥胖增加老年人的死亡风险,应该重视老年人的体重管理。

关键词: 肥胖症, 老年人, 体重指数, 肥胖悖论, 死亡风险, Cox回归

CLC Number: