Abstract: To address global geographical disparities in healthcare workforce distribution，various countries have implemented diverse talent training programs tailored to their specific contexts. Since 2010，China has introduced a policy for the free training of medical students under a rural-oriented scheme，aimed at alleviating the shortage of healthcare professionals in grassroots medical services. Despite years of implementation，there remains a significant gap in the availability of healthcare personnel at the grassroots level，highlighting the need to optimize and expand training models. This study draws on international experiences to provide valuable insights for China's grassroots healthcare talent cultivation policies. Utilizing content analysis，the study summarized and compared healthcare talent training policies across several countries focusing on rural and remote areas，identifying three primary models：targeted training，incentive-based models，and regional medical education frameworks. Each model was defined，characterized，and assessed for its limitations，while common reasons for the failure of certain programs were also discussed. Overall，while international experiences in training healthcare personnel for rural and remote regions are extensive and well-established，China predominantly relies on a targeted medical student system，resulting in a relatively narrow training pathway. Therefore，building on international experiences and considering the current situation in China，this study proposes multidimensional policy measures and practical recommendations to enhance the cultivation of healthcare talent in rural and remote areas，providing valuable references for improving healthcare services in these regions.

Key words: Rural health, Training of health personnel, Rural and remote communities, Grassroots services, Experience, Model

摘要： 为应对全球范围内卫生人力区域分布失衡的问题，世界多国政府根据本国国情实施了多样化的人才培养项目。我国自2010年起推行农村订单定向医学生免费培养政策，旨在缓解基层卫生服务体系中的人才短缺问题。尽管政策已实施多年，但基层卫生人员的缺口仍然较大，优化和拓展人才培养模式仍是当前的重要任务。为汲取国际经验，给我国基层卫生人才培养政策提供有益措施。本文基于内容分析法，对世界多个国家在农村及偏远地区开展的卫生人才培养政策进行归纳与比较，分析其主要项目形式及运行特点，并将其概括为定向培养模式、激励模式和区域医学教育模式三种类型，并归纳总结三类模式的定义、特征及局限，同时指出部分项目失败的共性原因。总的来说国外在农村及偏远地区卫生人才培养方面经验丰富、体系较为成熟，而我国目前仍以定向医学生制度为主，培养路径相对单一。因此，在充分结合国外经验的基础上，针对我国现实情况，提出了多维度的政策措施与实践建议，为我国农村及偏远地区卫生人才培养提供有益参考。

关键词: 农村卫生, 卫生人员培养, 农村和偏远社区, 基层服务, 经验, 模式